用灰色聚类方法综合评价地下水水质

本文提出了用灰色聚类进行地下水水质综合评价的方法。结合实例与模糊数学方法进行了对比,得到满意的结果。     

Field demonstration of in situ immobilization of soil Pb using P amendments

A long-term field-scale demonstration project on the feasibility of using P to immobilize Pb in a Pb-contaminated urban soil was conducted. Phosphate was applied at an average rate of 3040 mg P/kg soil based on a P/Pb molar ration of 4.0, with four treatments: T₀, no P application; T₁, H₃PO₄ only; T₂, 1/2 H₃PO₄+1/2 CaH₂PO₄; and T₃, 1/2 H₃PO₄+1/2 phosphate rock. Soil samples were collected and analyzed 220 days after the P applications. For all P treatments, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) extractable Pb levels in surface soils (0-10 cm) were reduced to below 5.0 mg Pb/l, with T₂ also effective in reducing the TCLP Pb level in subsurface soils (10-30 cm, <4.63 mg/l). Sequential extraction analysis indicates that P was effective in transforming soil Pb from non-residual fractions to a residual fraction. Such a transformation was mainly through dissolution of Pb associated with carbonate fraction and precipitation of pyromorphite-like minerals, which were confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Among these three treatments, T₃ was the most effective in reducing Pb mobility and minimizing P and Pb leaching in the soil. Our research clearly demonstrates that P amendments were effective in immobilizing Pb in contaminated soil.     

石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫废水的产生和处理工艺

本文论述了燃煤电厂石灰石-石膏法湿法脱硫技术脱硫废水的来源、水质和产生量,分析了脱硫废水处理的工艺、原理,并提出了脱硫废水的合理综合利用途径。     

Identifying the cause of toxicity in an algal whole effluent toxicity study - an unanticipated toxicant

Toxicity was observed in whole effluent toxicity (WET) studies with the freshwater alga, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, in three consecutive monthly studies, (NOEC = 50-75%). Toxicity was not observed to Ceriodaphnia dubia or the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas in concurrent studies. Selected toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) tests were conducted in a tiered approach to eliminate possible toxicants and progressively identify the causative agent. Filtration following alkaline adjustment (pH 10 or 11) was effective in eliminating significant growth effects and also reduced phosphate concentration. The TIE studies confirmed that the observed effluent toxicity was caused by excess ortho-phosphate in the effluent not by overstimulation or related to unfavorable N:P ratios; but due to direct toxicity. The 96-h 25% inhibition concentration (IC25) of ortho-phosphate to P. subcapitata was 3.4 mg L⁻¹ while the maximum acceptable toxicant concentration was 4.8 mg L⁻¹. This study illustrates the value of multi-species testing and also provides an example of an effective TIE using algae identifying an unanticipated toxicant.     

浅析“城市环境综合整治定量考核”制度

分析了"城市环境综合整治定量考核"制度在指标设置、考核标准及实施过程中存在的问题,指出其对"城市环境综合整治定量考核"结果的公正性产生了影响。提出在"十二五"城考指标调整中应适当增加环境质量的比重,体现对不同地区、不同级别的城市采取分级管理、分类指导原则,并加强对环保工作的规范化和能力建设的考核,进一步提高城市环境管理水平的对策与建议。     

石油化工业对周边土壤中金属元素的影响分析

在黄岛石油化工区周边采集土壤样品27个,测定土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn等元素,并运用统计分析、土壤质量综合指数法对测定结果做系统分析。结果表明,除As外,黄岛石油化工区周边土壤中Cd、Cu、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn的测定均值均超过青岛市土壤背景值。Cd、Pb、Zn空间分布大体一致,测定值最高的地方均是离石油化工区最近的地方。Cr、Cu、Ni离石油化工区越远,测定值越低。而Hg则相反,离石油化工区越远测定值越高。黄岛石油化工区周边土壤不宜用作农用地,除1处不宜用作建设用地Ⅰ类外,其他均可作为建设用地Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类。     

我国海洋资源开发利用综合效益评价研究

研究构建了我国海洋资源开发利用综合效益评价的指标体系,采用全排列多边形图示指标评价方法,对我国海洋资源开发利用综合效益状况进行了定量评价。结果表明,综合指数在2006年为0.381,在2009年为0.508。评价方法避免了目前评价研究中的弊病,既减少了主观随意性又反映了系统整合原理。     

全域土地综合整治背景下的乡村“三生空间”治理路径——以山水乡旅乡村振兴示范走廊为例

全域土地综合整治是土地整治的发展演变与创新探索，是生态文明背景下缓解土地资源供需矛盾、推进农用地、建设用地集约高效利用，强化生态空间保护与修复的重要手段。三生空间涵盖了乡村发展所需的空间类型，成为推动生态文明建设、优化国土空间格局、实施乡村振兴战略的载体。着力探讨全域土地综合整治与三生空间逻辑关系，并以全域土地综合整治为手段，探索新时期乡村三生空间治理路径，提出以全域整治盘活存量用地、建立用地指标纵向传导体系、强化生态全要素修复和注重“人-地-财-社区”的制度保障设计等规划策略，以期达到优化乡村空间布局、促进资源要素流动，推动全域全要素精细化管理的目的，以期为同类地区乡村发展提供新思路。     

清水河流域水质综合分析与评价

通过2018年4月、7月和11月在清水河流域布设32个采样点,监测F-、TN、TP等6项水质指标,应用单因子评价法、综合污染指数法、灰色关联法、模糊综合评价法对该河水质状况作综合评价,并分析F-是否参与评价时水质的变化情况.结果表明:当F-不参与水质评价时,清水河各月水质污染程度为7月>11月>4月;当F-参与水质评价...     

2019年连云港近岸海域水质环境分析与综合评价

于2019年春、夏、秋季对连云港近岸海域海水中营养盐、重金属等共19项指标进行3个航次采样监测.依照海水水质评价标准统计分析站点达标率,采用有机污染物指数法和富营养化指数法,对调查海域海水有机污染、营养水平等进行综合评价.结果表明:2019年连云港市海域站位全年达标率为86.4％,达标面积为6543 km2,占管辖海域...