The design of blanket wash solvents with environmental considerations

The search for new solvents is often driven by (a) the need to replace solvents whose continued use pose a threat to environmental health and safety, (b) the needs of new applications and processing requirements, (c) a response to changing environmental regulations and (d) a response to market demands. For example, many traditional solvents are on the environmental ‘hit list’ and are to be phased out within the next few years. In particular, cleaning solvents, which are used as blanket washes in the lithographic printing industry present a number of environmental concerns including health and safety. To respond to these concerns and more importantly to respond to rapidly changing operational requirements and market forces, there is a need for efficient and systematic strategies for ‘just in time’ optimal design of solvent alternatives. A good strategy has to consider simultaneously, performance objectives, system interactions and environmental constraints. The object of this paper is to identify and discuss the issues in the design of cleaning solvents (blanket washes) in the printing industry and how environmental and health factors can be accounted for. We do this in the context of a framework for product design. As a proof-of-concept, blanket wash solvents are designed.     

关于区县级环境监测信息管理系统建设的探讨

结合软件开发的实际体会 ,对计算机技术在环境监测信息管理工作中的应用作了探索 ,并阐述了建立监测信息管理系统的意义、思路、实践及展望。     

机场环境噪声影响的计算机模拟

本文在分析机场环境噪声影响因素的基础上，讨论了评定机场噪声的定量标准．以国际民航组织ＩＣＡＯ确定采用的计权等效连续感觉噪声级ＷＥＣＰＮＬ为基础，建立了计算机场环境噪声影响的程序．并对某机场做了计算分析．为新机场的建设，老机场的改造等提供了一种环境噪声评估的实用方法．     

飞边量可控的模锻设计技术及其在生产中的应用

此文介绍了一种先使材料充满型腔,然后再让剩余材料流出型腔形成飞边的模缎设计方法。这与先使部分材料流出型腔形成少量飞边,然后利用飞边桥部的阻流作用使材料充满型腔的传统方法完全不同。这两种不同的流动方式可分别称为“先内后外”式(IN-OUT)和“先外后内”式(OUT-IN)。为了实现“先内后外”流动方式,此文采用了反向模拟的技术。文章介绍了有关反向模拟技术的一些问题。为了实现模拟工作的自动化,提出了一种模拟复合块的技术。一个复杂的锻件,只须划分成几个复合块,然后开动第一个复合块,模拟就自动地依次传递进行下去。此文叙述的全部模拟做法都已经过了生产实验。     

职业安全专业软件的应用及其产业化发展

概略介绍了国内外各类安全应用软件,并对安全软件产业化进行了实例分析,总结了安全软件产业发展的特点,并对我国安全软件的产业化提出了若干建议。     

大气污染物等浓度曲线画法初探

介绍一种环境影响评价中大气污染物等浓度曲线的画法，可用于绘制任意接近的等浓度曲线而不会相交或相切，运算量较小且与图形大小无关。     

Brushland fire-management policies: A cross-impact simulation of southern California

A cross-impact simulation computer language, UW-KSIM, is presented as a potentially useful technique for assessing the consequences of resource policies. Cross-impact simulation is used to estimate trends in a set of variables that result from interactions produced from hypothesized relationships among the members of the set. This technique is illustrated with an example that simulates the likely impacts of a 20-year rotation burn policy in southern California's brushland watersheds and that compares the results to a simulated representation of the observed effects of the fire-exclusion policy. Simulated losses under the fire-exclusion policy were up to 300% higher than those produced by the rotation burn policy. Similarly, the simulated average area burned per year was reduced from 5.6% of the study area under the fire-exclusion policy to 2% of the study area under the rotation burn policy. A corresponding reduction in simulated appropriations for fighting wildfires was also demonstrated.     

Evaluating aquacultural use of thermal effluents: An application of system dynamics to environmental problem solving

Given the ecological burden imposed by power plants located in the coastal zone, efforts to improve the marginal benefits realized from their operation are warranted. Indeed, if this source of environmental pollution can be utilized to compensate for past ecological damage, then the benefits will be magnified many-fold.This study addresses the economic feasibility of utilizing heated effluent water from power plants to invigorate the growth of oysters raised under controlled conditions. The preliminary findings indicate that given proper combinations of system capacity, supplemental nutrient supplies, sea water flow and temperature gradients, such an operation is feasible.This is also a demonstration of a viable application of a sophisticated computer modeling approach to environmental problems. System Dynamics a technique pioneered at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is applied to evaluate the physical, biological, and economic interrelationships of the aquacultural system variables. It offers many advantages for the environmental manager and researcher, a number of which are realized in the present investigation.     

Safety related questions for computer-controlled plants: derivation, organisation and application

The use of computers in process control has improved productivity and product quality but has also caused a number of accidents. If we learn from these accidents we may be able to prevent them from happening again. This paper advocates a systematic approach to deriving and organising safety-related questions from past incidents and then applying the questions to consider the safety issues related to the whole life-cycle of computer-controlled plants. Over 170 questions were derived from 300 incident reports provided by two major organisations. The questions are organised into a structured framework so that relevant questions can be located easily when considering different aspects of a computer-controlled plant. Examples illustrating the application of the questions are given. The whole set of questions is listed in the Appendix.     

矿井外因火灾计算机控制及有待解决的若干问题

针对矿井外因火灾,评价了计算机技术在矿井火灾防治应用中的研究现状,阐述了发展矿井火灾计算机控制技术的重要意义及其应用前景。同时,指出了进一步发展矿井火灾计算机控制技术中有待解决的问题