实际生活污水短程/全程硝化反硝化处理中试研究

常温条件下,用A/O生物脱氮工艺中试试验装置处理实际生活污水,控制好氧区低DO浓度(0.5 mg/L),实现了短程硝化反硝化反应,亚硝酸氮平均积累率可达85%或更高.研究了低DO短程硝化反硝化、低DO全程硝化反硝化和高DO全程硝化反硝化3种运行方式或状态在总氮去除率、耗氧量、污泥性能和反应机理上的差别.结果表明,短程硝化反硝化是生物脱氮的最优运行方式,它可有效提高系统脱氮率、降低运行费用.短程硝化反硝化过程中缺氧区和好氧区的pH值变化幅度较大;而全程硝化反硝化过程中,缺氧区pH值变化很小或基本不变化,好氧区pH值变化幅度较大.全程硝化和短程硝化的硝化速率相差不大,但短程反硝化速率和全程反硝化速率相比增加了15%.可以应用DO和pH在线控制A/O工艺硝化反应过程.     

高氨垃圾渗滤液的吹脱条件控制研究

采用吹脱塔处理含有高浓度氨氮的垃圾渗滤液,研究了操作参数的控制对吹脱效率的影响.结果表明,当pH≤11.0时,气水比决定了高径比对吹脱效率的影响,气水比较低时,高径比越小,吹脱效率越高;气水比较高时,高径比越大,吹脱效率越高;当pH过高时,高径比对吹脱效率没有影响.初始pH和温度相互影响,pH越低时,温度对吹脱效率的影响越显著;温度越低时,初始pH对吹脱效率的影响越显著.当pH≥10.4时,出水pH和残余氨氮浓度呈指数关系,可以作为反应吹脱运行状况的指示参数或控制参数.合理控制pH和气水比并实时监控出水pH是获得稳定、经济的吹脱效果的关键.     

A/O生物法处理石化废水的研究

为了处理水质组成复杂,毒性大、有机物浓度较高的石化废水,采用先厌氧后好氧（即A/O生物法）的处理方法。研究结果表明,石化废水经厌氧处理后,其好氧可生化性提高20％～40％;当厌氧反应器进水有机负荷为5.2kgCOD/m³·d,水力停留时间为24h时,BOD5去除率为85％,COD去除率为83％,油去除率为91.1％;当曝气池污泥负荷为0.45kgCOD/kgMLSS·d,水力停留时间为4h时,BOD₅去除率为94.1％,COD去除率为92.7％,油去除率为96.3％。系统COD总去除率为85％～96％,BOD₅总去除率为95％～99％。A/O生物法为石化废水处理提供了理论依据。     

生物膜A/O法处理PTA废水的试验研究

在含两级Ａ／Ｏ和生物炭的连续运行试验装置上处理ＰＴＡ废水,结果表明：进水ＣＯＤｃｒ为１１０１ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＨＲＴ为４０ｈ,Ｏ２段和生物炭出水中残余ＣＯＤｃｒ分别为８２ｍｇ／Ｌ和５５ｍｇ／Ｌ,相应ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率分别为９２％和９５％;进水ＣＯＤｃｒ为１１１２ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＨＲＴ为３２ｈ,Ｏ２段和生物炭出水中残余ＣＯＤｃｒ分别为８６ｍｇ／Ｌ和６４ｍｇ／Ｌ,其去除率分别为９２％和９５％;在上述试验条件下刀;段ＴＡ去除率均为９３％。     

Nitrogen removal influence factors in A/O process and decision trees for nitrification/denitrification system

In order to improve nitrogen removal in anoxic/oxic(NO) process effectively for treating domestic wastewaters, the influence factors, DO( dissolved oxygen), nitrate recirculation, sludge recycle, SRT( solids residence time), influent COD/TN and HRT( hydraulic retention time) were studied. Results indicated that it was possible to increase nitrogen removal by using corresponding control strategies,such as, adjusting the DO set point according “to effluent ammonia concentration; manipulating nitrate recirculation flow according to nitrate concentration at the end of anoxic zone. Based on the experiments results, a knowledge-based approach for supervision of the nitrogen removal problems was considered, and decision trees for diagnosing nitrification and denitrification problems were built and successfully applied to NO process.     

利用磷肥生产废弃物制备4A分子筛

以磷肥生产废弃物氟硅酸制备氟化铵溶液时副产的白碳黑为原料,以铝矾土为铝源,制备了晶化导向剂,并采用水热法制备了4A分子筛.考察了晶化导向剂加入量、晶化时间和晶化温度对4A分子筛性能的影响.实验结果表明,当晶化导向剂的加入量为7%(质量分数)、晶化温度为80℃、晶化时间为2 h时,制备的4A分子筛的钙交换容量(以CaCO_3计)为336 mg/g,并采用X射线衍射仪和红外光谱仪对4A分子筛的结构进行了表征.     

Early Responses to Acute Ozone Exposure in Two Fagus Sylvatica Clones Differing in Xeromorphic Adaptations: Photosynthetic and Stomatal Processes, Membrane and Epicuticular Characteristics

Two Fagus sylvatica L. clones were used to investigate the early responses to acute O₃ exposure (150 nL L⁻¹, i.e., 1.35× ambient hourly peak in rural Italy) and whether xeromorphic adaptations affect gas exchange, membrane, and epicuticular responses. One clone originated in a wet and temperate climate in Central Italy (Tuscany); the other clone originated in a warmer and drier climate in the southern-most part of the F. sylvatica distribution (Sicily). Because of higher base gas exchange rates, the most negative effects of O₃ exposure (gas exchange impairment, uncoupling between net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, increased membrane lipid peroxidation) were found in the southern clone. Xeromorphic adaptations (higher epicuticular waxes and stomatal density, lower leaf wettability and size) were found in this clone. Our results suggest that xeromorphism may increase O₃ sensitivity in species not adapted to face water stress, like the mesophilic F. sylvatica, when experiments are carried out with full irrigation. We present evidence describing the relationship between gas exchange and number and status of stomata. Stomatal density and the structural damage to stomata resulting from O₃ exposure did not affect gas exchange: In fact, non-stomatal limitations to photosynthesis prevailed over stomatal limitations.     

一体式A/O生物接触氧化法处理生活污水回用研究

采用一体式A/O生物接触氧化工艺处理生活污水,研究回流比和在有无回流的情况下改变气水比等因素对系统性能的影响.结果表明,在进水流量5L/h,气水比为20:1,进水有机负荷0.517 kg/(m<'3>·h),回流比为3时,出水COD和氨氮分别为8.86mg/L和4.32mg/L,达到城市杂用水水质标准(GB/T1892...     

阳极化对SP700钛合金/2A12铝合金偶对电偶腐蚀影响研究

目的 研究阳极化处理对SP700钛合金与2A12铝合金电偶对的腐蚀行为和机理的影响。方法 采用电化学极化曲线测试法对阳极氧化处理前后的SP700钛合金的耐蚀性能进行初步研究,并以此作为边界条件,采用有限元数值模拟的方法,对不同状态的SP700钛合金与2A12铝合金组成的偶对电偶腐蚀情况进行模拟计算。同时,开展电偶对的电偶腐蚀试验,对模拟结果进行验证。此外,通过对电偶腐蚀后的试件表面微观形貌进行表征,进一步分析不同电偶对的腐蚀规律差异。结果 SP700钛合金阳极氧化前的自腐蚀电位为‒283 mV,腐蚀电流密度为6.164×10^‒9 A/cm²;氧化后的自腐蚀电位为‒270 mV,腐蚀电流密度为8.589×10^‒10 A/cm²。SP700钛合金阳极氧化前与2A12铝合金的试验和仿真平均电偶电流密度分别为6.81、6.76 μA/cm²;SP700钛合金阳极氧化后与2A12铝合金的试验和仿真平均电偶电流密度分别为2.58、2.54 μA/cm²。结论 SP700钛合金表面阳极化处理可有效降低与铝合金之间电偶腐蚀的敏感性。     

光驱动CQDs/PCN催化活化过硫酸盐降解双酚A

以柠檬酸和尿素为原料制备了碳量子点(CQDs),并采用热聚合法将CQDs分散在聚合物氮化碳(PCN)纳米片的表面(CQDs/PCN).通过SEM、TEM、XRD等测试技术对所制备的材料进行表征,证明了CQDs成功负载在PCN上.在模拟太阳光的条件下,考察了CQDs/PCN光催化活化过硫酸盐(PDS)对双酚A(BPA)的光催化性能.结果表明BPA在10min时降解率达到99.99%,且重复使用4次后仍能去除85%以上的BPA,说明该材料具有良好的重复性与稳定性.自由基猝灭实验表明CQDs/PCN-PDS光催化过程主要通过超氧自由基(·O₂^ˉ)、单线态氧(¹O₂)和空穴(h⁺)的作用降解BPA,推测了CQDs/PCN-PDS光催化去除BPA可能的反应机理.此外,通过分析光催化氧化中间产物,提出了BPA可能的降解路径.本研究为BPA的快速、高效降解提供了可能性,也为BPA降解提供了一种新的思路.