N2O emissions from municipal solid waste landfills with selected infertile cover soils and leachate subsurface irrigation

This study presents the field investigations into the effects of cover soils and leachate subsurface irrigation on N₂O emissions from municipal solid waste landfills. Landfill Site A and Site B, covered with carefully chosen infertile soils, were selected to monitor their diurnal and seasonal variations of N₂O emissions. The annual average N₂O flux was 469 ± 796 μg N₂O-N m⁻² h⁻¹ in Site B with leachate subsurface irrigation, three times that of Site A without leachate irrigation. When an additional soil containing lower contents of carbon and nitrogen was introduced to cover part of Site B, its N₂O fluxes decreased by 1-2 orders of magnitude compared with the left area of Site B. This suggested that carefully selected cover soils could substantially reduce N₂O emissions even under leachate subsurface irrigation. Statistical analysis proved that the availabilities of soil moisture and mineralized nitrogen were the key parameters controlling landfill N₂O emissions.     

Leachability of dissolved chromium in asphalt and concrete surfacing materials

Leachate metal pollutant concentrations produced from different asphalt and concrete pavement surfacing materials were measured under controlled laboratory conditions. The results showed that, in general, the concentrations of most metal pollutants were below the reporting limits. However, dissolved chromium was detected in leachate from concrete (but not asphalt) specimens and more strongly in the early-time leachate samples. As the leaching continued, the concentration of Cr decreased to below or close to the reporting limit. The source of the chromium in concrete pavement was found to be cement. The concentration of total Cr produced from leachate of different cement coming from different sources that was purchased from retail distributors ranged from 124 to 641 μg/L. This result indicates that the potential leachability of dissolved Cr from concrete pavement materials can be reduced through source control. The results also showed that the leachability of dissolved Cr in hardened pavement materials was substantially reduced. For example, the concentration of dissolved Cr measured in actual highway runoff was found to be much lower than the Cr concentration produced from leachate of both open and dense graded concrete pavement specimens under controlled laboratory study. It was concluded that pavement materials are not the source of pollutants of concern in roadway runoff; rather most pollutants in roadway surface runoff are generated from other road-use or land-use sources, or from (wet or dry) atmospheric deposition.     

Fenton氧化法深度处理垃圾渗滤液的试验研究

采用Fenton氧化法对经生化处理后的垃圾渗滤液进行深度处理。结果表明,Fenton反应最佳工艺条件:初始pH值为3,H2O2加入量为3.0mL/L,FeSO4.7H2O加入量为3.5g/L,反应时间120min。生化处理后的垃圾渗滤液经Fenton氧化法深度处理后,CODCr由处理前的300mg/L,降至处理后的93mg/L,去除率达69.0%,出水水质达到新修订的《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889-2008)排放标准。     

Recovery of volatile fatty acids via membrane contactor using flat membranes: Experimental and theoretical analysis

Volatile fatty acid (VFA) separation from synthetic VFA solutions and leachate was investigated via the use of a membrane contactor. NaOH was used as a stripping solution to provide constant concentration gradient of VFAs in both sides of a membrane. Mass flux (12.23 g/m² h) and selectivity (1.599) observed for acetic acid were significantly higher than those reported in the literature and were observed at feed pH of 3.0, flow rate of 31.5 ± 0.9 mL/min, and stripping solution concentration of 1.0 N. This study revealed that the flow rate, stripping solution strength, and feed pH affect the mass transfer of VFAs through the PTFE membrane. Acetic and propionic acid separation performances observed in the present study provided a cost effective and environmental alternative due to elimination of the use of extractants.     

电絮凝气浮处理城市生活垃圾渗滤液的试验研究

利用一套电絮凝气浮装置,通过室内模拟试验,研究电絮凝气浮法对城市生活垃圾渗滤液中有机物、氨氮、SS等的去除效果。通过正交实验,得到电絮凝气浮法处理渗滤液的最优方案为水流上升速度10L／h,进水COD浓度6000mg／L,电流大小7．5A。本实验为电絮凝技术的实际应用提供理论依据和技术支持。     

火焰、石墨炉原子吸收法测定地表水中铜和镉

对浓缩火焰原子吸收法和石墨炉原子吸收法测定地表水中痕量铜和镉的结果作了比较。试验结果表明，两种方法测定结果间无明显差异，加标回收率为88．7％～103％，可互相替代，等效使用。     

我国填埋场渗滤液控制现状、问题与解决途径

从地表径流、地下径流、防渗材料与方法、渗滤液收排、地表覆盖层、渗滤液处理技术等方面,对我国填埋场渗滤液技术现状进行了评述,在此基础上分析了存在的主要问题,重点阐述渗滤液产生量过大的原因,最后提出了解决问题的技术途径。      

膜法处理垃圾渗滤液新技术实验研究

将改进间歇式活性污泥法与FIL-MAX膜组合处理工艺相结合,应用于沈阳某垃圾场垃圾渗滤液处理工程实例中。通过实验,分析了COD、NH3-N等指标的处理效率以及影响因素,最终得出改进间歇式活性污泥法与FIL-MAX组合工艺处理在一定程度上改善膜污染、膜堵塞等常见问题。