中温厌氧消化垃圾焚烧发电厂渗滤液的试验研究

采用逐渐提高有机负荷的半连续进料方式,研究中温(35℃左右)条件下,猪粪为接种物,厌氧消化焚烧发电厂垃圾渗滤液的消化规律。试验以5%为单位,由5%体积负荷渗滤液起开始填料,逐步提高至35%的体积负荷。试验进行的7个负荷,消化系统pH值稳定在7.2~7.8之间,碱度、氨氮浓度较高,分别在7803~17948 mg/L、673~1630 mg/L之间,为系统提供了良好的酸碱缓冲环境。低负荷时,VFA值较低,生物气中甲烷含量稳定在60%左右;高负荷时,随着渗滤液的加入,VFA值波动较大,甲烷含量也随VFA值的变化起伏波动(25%负荷时,甲烷含量出现峰值,高达75.5%)。消化系统共进料2800 mL渗滤液(即197.3 gCODCr),累计产气量83086 mL,平均每gCODCr产沼气约421.1 mL(平均gCODcr产甲烷约273.7 mL)。进水渗滤液CODCr浓度为70472 mg/L,实验结束时,消化液CODCr浓度降至3373 mg/L,CODCr去除率高达95.2%。     

Statistical approach for the source identification of boron in leachates from industrial landfills

Boron has been found in high concentrations in leachates from landfills located throughout Japan. However, the source(s) of boron in the leachates, i.e., what kind of waste(s) releases this element into the leachate, has not been clarified. In this study, boron concentrations in leachates from 48 industrial landfills were evaluated, in relation to the categories of waste constituting the landfill in each of the sites, by multiple regression analysis. The multiple regression analyses were carried out using the log-transformed boron concentration as a dependent variable and each of 19 categories of industrial waste (according to the Japanese Waste Disposal and Public Cleansing Law) as independent variables. Stepwise variable selection was employed in the analyses. Although the significant variable(s) selected varied according to the data sets analyzed (viz., data sets from least controlled landfill sites, from controlled landfill sites, and from both), cinders, slag, and waste plastics emerged as wastes with positive partial regression coefficients that significantly explained the boron levels in the leachates. These results indicated that cinders, slag, and waste plastics were the sources of high concentrations of boron in the leachates. The results of the present exploratory statistical analyses warrant a systematic survey of the boron contents of, and leachability from, cinders, slag, and waste plastics. Received: January 17, 2000 / Accepted: July 24, 2000     

Leaching of zinc from tire wear particles under simulated estuarine conditions

Tire wear particles (TWP) abraded from end-of-life passenger car tires have been added at a concentration of 1 g L⁻¹ to river water, sea water and mixtures thereof in order to examine the chemical controls on the leaching of Zn from the rubber matrix. Results of time-dependent experiments conducted over a period of 5 days were consistent with a diffusion controlled leaching mechanism with rate constants of about 0.04 mg L⁻¹ h^−1/2 in river water and between about 0.02 and 0.03 mg L⁻¹ h^−1/2 in sea water. Additional experiments revealed a reduction in Zn dissolution with both increasing salinity and pH and enhancement of leaching in the presence of fluorescent light compared with dark conditions. In corresponding experiments conducted in the presence of a fixed quantity (0.8 g L⁻¹) of clean, fractionated estuarine sediment, aqueous Zn concentrations were reduced by at least an order of magnitude. Increasing the quantity of sediment resulted in a progressive reduction in Zn concentration until an apparent equilibrium was achieved, with partition coefficients defining the sediment-water distribution of Zn of about 550 mL g⁻¹ and 270 mL g⁻¹ in river water and sea water, respectively. Results are interpreted in terms of the dissolution of ZnO and other residual complexes from the matrix and the subsequent, rapid adsorption of Zn²⁺ ions to coexistent estuarine sediment. The findings of the study are discussed in terms of their implications for the transport, fate and effects of TWP Zn in aquatic environments that are likely to receive urban runoff.     

城市水污染集中控制的理论方法

文章系统介绍了城市水污染集中控制的基本概念、原理、原则，论述了实施水污染集中控制的限制条件，集中控制的基本方法、形式和措施．     

垃圾渗滤液脱氮新方法综述

有效去除垃圾渗滤液中的氮是一项艰巨的任务,传统的先硝化后反硝化处理方法存在的主要问题是反硝化阶段碳源不足和总氮去除效率过低。研究中研究人员提出了好氧反硝化、厌氧氨氧化和短程硝化反硝化等新方法。好氧反硝化菌可以利用硝化过程中充足的碳源进行反硝化;厌氧氨氧化是在缺氧条件下,以NO-2为电子受体,直接把氨氧化成N2;短程硝化反硝化将脱氮过程控制在亚硝化阶段,不但节省了反硝化过程中的碳源,而且减少了能量的消耗。本文对这些方法及其在实践的应用进行了论述。     

渗滤液回灌在实际应用中应注意的问题

本文介绍了垃圾填埋场渗滤液回灌的机理、优缺点,“干填埋”与“湿填埋”之间的区别。渗滤液回灌可增加填埋废物的含水率,加快垃圾的降解速率,减少渗滤液的处理时间,提高填埋气中甲烷的含量,加速填埋场稳定化进程。鉴于以上这些优点,渗滤液回灌作为一种渗滤液处理方式将会有极大的应用前景。但在实际应用中回灌的渗滤液容易泄漏而导致地下水污染,这是影响渗滤液回灌广泛应用的主要原因。为了避免使地下水受污染,本文总结和分析了渗滤液回灌在实际应用中应注意的问题。     

曝气生物活性炭滤池深度处理垃圾渗滤液的效能研究

为了考察曝气生物活性炭滤池(BACF)深度处理垃圾渗滤液的效能,研究了填料填充度、曝气位置、气水比、水力停留时间和p H等影响因素对滤池去除有机物、氨氮和总氮的影响。结果表明,最佳的工艺运行条件为:填料填充度为80%,底部曝气,气水比为3:1,水力停留时间为8 h,p H为7~8。在最佳工艺条件下运行反应器,COD、氨氮和TN平均去除率分别达到85%、90%和57%,出水可达到实验设定水质要求。BACF具有较强的抗有机负荷能力,进水COD浓度在323至3 000 mg/L之间时,COD去除率稳定在80%。反应器受氨氮冲击负荷影响较大,氨氮进水浓度低于90mg/L时,出水可达到要求。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液回灌综述

渗滤液回灌分为表面灌溉，竖式井，水平井，喷灌和针注四种方法，概括了渗滤液回灌的依据，工艺流程，主要技术参数和每种方法的操作方式及其优缺点，阐述了渗滤液回灌对填埋场的影响。     

城市水污染集中控制的系统结构及建立

本文系统介绍了城市水污染集中控制的系统结构，提出了城市水污染集中控制的最佳系统构成，论述了该系统的建立方法和程序．     

两组矿化垃圾处理浓缩液效果对比

采用柱回灌法进行实验,对两组矿化垃圾处理浓缩液效果对比。结果表明：两组矿化垃圾对浓缩液均有一定的处理效果,矿化垃圾填埋年限越长对浓缩液处理效果越好。