建设项目环境影响的时间分布

建设项目对生态与环境影响的时间分布是不均匀的。在建设项目建设和运行的不同时段受影响的环境因子不同,数量不等,强弱不均。环境影响时间分布的类型可大致分为:(1)离散不连续分布,包括一次性突发影响,周期性影响、随机影响;(2)连续分布,包括短期影响、长期均匀影响,长期累积影响;(3)永久性不可逆影响。     

环境影响评价分析

对目前环境影响评价中厂址选择，替代方案方面存在的不够以及对公众参与和环境监测管理重视不够的现象，提出应加强环境执法力度，在建设项目规划初期就开始环境影响评价工作以及开展经济政策的环境评价和回顾性评价工作等建议。     

江苏省农业生态环境建设及热点探讨

系统概述了江苏省在农业生态环境建设方面所采取的完善肥药结构、多途径利用畜禽粪便及秸秆资源、优化种植业结构、环境综合治理、法制化等措施，同时探讨了严重影响农业环境污染防治效果的热点问题。     

桥梁工程施工中事故环境风险评估

笔者分析了桥梁工程施工过程中的事故环境的风险特征 ,介绍了桥梁结构设计、施工、地质、水文及气象等因素影响 ,评述了典型事故案例 ,特别讨论了桥梁施工中的种种风险因素分析 ,给出了各类因素的施工风险水平排序 ,提出了风险评估方法的建议     

建筑业人身意外伤害保险探讨

建筑业是伤害事故多发的行业 ,实行建筑业人身意外伤害保险 ,在《中华人民共和国建筑法》和《中华人民共和国安全生产法》里有明确规定 ,也是一项国际惯例。建筑业实施人身意外伤害保险 ,对促进建筑市场和保险市场的发育、减轻企业风险和维护社会稳定意义重大 ,同时有利于建筑业的安全管理以及与国际惯例接轨。目前 ,我国由于企业风险意识薄弱、法规不完善、保险公司不能提供优良的服务以及缺乏保险中介等原因 ,使得意外伤害保险的推行情况不甚理想。为大力推动我国建筑业人身意外伤害保险的发展 ,需要加强风险和保险的宣传、完善配套法规、采取强制与服务并重的措施并扶植我国工程保险中介组织的发展     

桥梁工程区气象安全保障系统的研究

根据国内大型桥梁建设工程区对气象安全保障的特殊要求及目前常规气象监测与预报预警的现状 ,笔者提出桥梁工程区气象环境监测、预报预警、安全保障建设的整体思路和技术框架 ,并据此研制成功一个基于通用分组无线业务 (GPRS) ,由工程区数据采集、分析及预报制作、信息传输、应急措施 4部分组成的桥梁工程区气象安全保障系统。该系统克服了以往桥梁施工气象安全保障中的缺陷 ,满足了建设部门随时随地掌握工程区当前和未来气象环境及其他安全保障对工程区气象基础数据的需求。系统应用于苏通长江公路大桥施工期的气象安全保障中 ,已取得明显实效 ,为该大桥建设规避气象灾害 ,降低不利天气条件影响 ,保障施工安全及施工计划安排提供了决策依据。     

浅谈沈阳市再生水源热泵利用及存在问题分析

再生水源主要指城市污水处理厂排水,笔者以组织编制《沈阳市＂十一五＂时期再生水源热泵供热规划（2007-2010）》为基础,通过对沈阳市供暖现状调查、城市污水处理及排放状况以及水源热泵技术的应用普及等方面的数据分析,浅谈再生水源热泵在沈阳地区应用的经济性和其应用潜力,并对推广使用中需要解决的问题进行了探讨。     

工业类建设项目“三同时”验收监测中相关问题的探讨

提出与生态类建设项目相对应的工业类建设项目竣工“三同时”验收监测中的技术关键点、影响验收质量的相关因素及需要注意的验收细节问题,并针对提出的问题结合验收中的实际做法指出相应的解决方法,为同行业做好建设项目“三同时”验收监测提供帮助。     

我国固体废弃物监管模式建设对策初探

我国固体废弃物的产生量在迅速增加,成为制约社会经济持续发展的瓶颈问题。通过研究与固废相关的国际公约,比较发达国家之间不同的固废监管模式,并指出我国现行的监管模式存在责任不当、职责不清等问题。在借鉴发达国家先进经验基础上,提出我国可借助《巴塞尔公约》等国际公约来约束固废的跨界转移,从源头开始控制固废的产生,并控制固体废物的转移运输,加强固废监管能力建设,健全法律体系,加强监管协调,采用市场手段、宣传手段,让社会企业参与政府部门的固废管理和组织工作,把固废回收、处理的责任从政府转移到具体的企业上,降低处理成本,提高处理技术。     

The impact of a peer-led participatory health and safety training program for Latino day laborers in construction

Background

Immigrant Latino day laborers working in residential construction are at particularly high risk of fatal and non-fatal traumatic injury and benefit from targeted training.

Objective

To understand the impact of a participatory, peer-facilitated health and safety awareness training customized to the needs of Latino day laborers.

Methods

Baseline surveys exploring exposures, PPE use, attitudes, work practices and work-related injuries were collected from more than 300 New Jersey Latino day laborers in construction prior to their participation in a one day (minimum of six hour) Spanish language health and safety training class. The classes, led by trained worker trainers, engaged participants in a series of tasks requiring teamwork and active problem solving focused on applying safe practices to situations they encounter at their worksites. Follow-up surveys were difficult to obtain among mobile day laborers, and were collected from 70 men (22% response rate) 2-6 months following training. Chi-square analysis was used to compare pre- and post-intervention PPE use, self protective actions, and self-reported injury rates. Focus groups and in-depth interviews addressing similar issues provided a context for discussing the survey findings.

Results

At baseline, the majority of day laborers who participated in this study reported great concern about the hazards of their work and were receptive to learning about health and safety despite limited influence over employers. Changes from baseline to follow-up revealed statistically significant differences in the use of certain types of PPE (hard hats, work boots with steel toes, safety harnesses, and visible safety vests), and in the frequency of self-protective work practices (e.g., trying to find out more about job hazards on your own). There was also a suggestive decrease in self-reported injuries (receiving an injury at work serious enough that you had to stop working for the rest of the day) post-training based on small numbers. Sixty-six percent of workers surveyed post-training reported sharing information from their safety workbook with friends and co-workers. Focus groups and interview results generally confirmed the quantitative findings.

Conclusions

Participatory, peer led training tailored to the needs of construction day laborers may have a positive effect on Latino immigrant workers’ attitudes, work practices, and self reported injury rates, but major changes would require employer engagement.

Impact on Industry

Health and safety researchers have identified reducing the number of traumatic injuries among the immigrant construction workforce as an increasingly important priority. This project provides one model for collaboration between university-based researchers, a union, and a community-based organization. The specific elements of this project—participatory curriculum customized to the needs of day laborers in residential construction, training day laborers to facilitate training classes, and involving peer leaders in outreach and research—could be adapted by other organizations. The findings of this study suggest that the Latino day laborers have a strong interest in and some ability to act on health and safety information. Widespread implementation of this type of training, especially if supported with cooperation from residential contractors, could lead to reduced rates of traumatic injury in the residential construction industry.