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排序方式: 共有275条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
51.
Thomas J. Habib Evelyn H. MerrillM.J. Pybus David W. Coltman 《Ecological modelling》2011,222(15):2722-2732
Managing wildlife diseases requires an understanding of disease transmission, which may be strongly affected by host population density and landscape features. Transmission models are typically fit from time-series disease prevalence data and modelled based on how the contact rate among hosts is affected by density, which is often assumed to be a linear (density-dependent transmission) or constant (frequency-dependent transmission) relationship. However, long-term time-series data is unavailable for emerging diseases, and this approach cannot account for independent effects of landscape. We developed a mechanistic model based on ecological data to empirically derive the contact rate-density relationship in white-tailed and mule deer in an enzootic region of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in Alberta, Canada and to determine whether it was affected by landscape. Using data collected from aerial surveys and GPS-telemetry, we developed empirical relationships predicting deer group size, home range size, and habitat selection to iteratively simulate deer distributions across a range of densities and landscapes. We calculated a relative measure of total per-capita contact rate, which is proportional to the number of other deer contacted per individual per unit time, for each distribution as the sum of pairwise contact rates between a target deer and all other individuals. Each pairwise contact rate was estimated from an empirical relationship developed from GPS-telemetry data predicting pairwise contact rates as a function of home range overlap and landscape structure. Total per-capita contact rates increased as a saturating function of density, supporting a transmission model intermediate between density- and frequency-dependent transmission. This pattern resulted from group sizes that reached an asymptote with increasing deer density, although this relationship was mediated by tree and shrub coverage in the landscape, such that in heavily wooded areas, the contact rate saturated at much lower densities. These results suggest that CWD management based on herd reductions, which require a density-dependent contact rate to be effective, may have variable effects on disease across a single management region. The novel mechanistic approach we employed for estimating effects of density and landscape on transmission is a powerful complement to typical data-fitting approaches for modelling disease transmission. 相似文献
52.
臭氧-生物活性炭技术在微污染饮用水处理中的应用 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
通过研究国内外臭氧—生物活性炭工艺的发展现状和应用实践,指出了该项技术在应用中体现出的优越性,并提出了此项技术在应用中存在的问题,部分地介绍了提高此项技术应用水平的措施。研究表明,臭氧—生物活性炭工艺在处理微污染饮用水将会受到重视和广泛地推广应用,同时也对今后的研究方向提出了相应的观点。 相似文献
53.
Shengqi Zhang Chengsong Ye Wenjun Zhao Lili An Xin Yu Lei Zhang Hongjie Sun Mingbao Feng 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(7):93
54.
Hillol Guha James E. Saiers Scott Brooks Phil Jardine Krishnaswamy Jayachandran 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2001,49(3-4):311-334
We examine how the processes of advection, dispersion, oxidation-reduction, and adsorption combine to affect the transport of chromium through columns packed with pyrolusite (beta-MnO2)-coated sand. We find that beta-MnO2 effectively oxidizes Cr(III) to Cr(VI) and that the extent of oxidation is sensitive to changes in pH, pore water velocity, and influent concentrations of Cr(III). Cr(III) oxidation rates, although initially high, decline well before the supply of beta-MnO2 is depleted, suggesting that a reaction product inhibits the conversion of Cr(III) to Cr(VI). Rate-limited reactions govern the weak adsorption of each chromium species, with Cr(III) adsorption varying directly with pH and Cr(VI) adsorption varying inversely with pH. The breakthrough data on chromium transport can be matched closely by calculations of a simple model that accounts for (1) advective-dispersive transport of Cr(III), Cr(VI), and dissolved oxygen, (2) first-order kinetics adsorption of the reduced and oxidized chromium species, and (3) nonlinear rate-limited oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI). Our work supplements the limited database on the transport of redox-sensitive metals in porous media and provides a means for quantifying the coupled processes that contribute to this transport. 相似文献
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56.
升流式厌氧污泥床--压力式好氧接触氧化工艺处理制药废水的实践 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用升流式厌氧污泥床—压力式好氧接触氧化工艺处理锦州九洋药业有限责任公司制药废水,该工艺技术成熟、处理效率高,运行稳定可靠。结果表明处理后的出水水质可以满足排放标准的要求。 相似文献
57.
氧化亚铁硫杆菌对亚铁离子的氧化及其动力学研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
采用9K培养基研究了氧化亚铁硫杆菌氧化Fe^2+过程中,pH和氧化还原电位的变化规律,并对Fe^2+的氧化过程进行动力学分析,确定了其反应级数及反应速率常数。结果表明,(1)在温度为30℃,摇床转速为150r/min的条件下,氧化亚铁硫杆菌的最佳接种量为10.0%;(2)Fe^2+初始质量浓度在11.39~21.72g/L时,随着浓度的增大,Fe^2+达到100%转化率需要的时间增加;(3)氧化亚铁硫杆菌对Fe^2+的氧化可近似看作一级反应,反应速率常数为0.0527~0.0788h。 相似文献
58.
改性氧化铝微波诱导氧化处理雅格素蓝BF-BR染料废水的研究 总被引:27,自引:0,他引:27
采用微波诱导氧化工艺(MIOP)技术,以改性氧化铝为催化剂,对雅格素蓝BF-BR染料模拟废水进行氧化处理.优化了处理工艺条件,实验在固液质量比为1:10(50mL雅格素蓝BF-BR水溶液中投加5.0g改性氧化铝)、微波功率为400W的条件下微波辐照处理5min.在此工艺条件下,对水中雅格素蓝BF-BR的脱色率可达到98%,COD去除率为87.4%.改性氧化铝在重复使用9次后仍能保持很高的脱色率.进一步研究表明在微波辐射场中废水中的有机污染物在改性氧化铝表面通过吸附.氧化协同作用而被迅速降解.反应动力学研究表明,该氧化过程符合一级反应动力学规律,反应速率常数k=0995min^-1,反应半衰期t1/2=0.697min.实验结果显示,在本实验中改性氧化铝比颗粒活性炭具有更高的催化活性. 相似文献
59.
60.
就影响独山子石化公司乙烯裂解装置废碱液氧化反应的因素,在实验室小试规模试验的基础上,对影响因素进行分析和探讨,着重分析了装置在运行过程中出现的问题和存在的不足,在对现有装置工艺不做大的改动的前提下,提出了装置的技术改造建议。 相似文献