连续流动注射间接测定空气中的五氧化二磷

建立连续流动注射间接测定空气中五氧化二磷的方法。空气中的五氧化二磷用过氯乙烯滤膜或滤筒采样,加入去离子水反应生成正磷酸,过滤、洗涤、定容后运用连续流动注射仪进行测定。优化了抗坏血酸浓度、硫酸浓度、钼酸盐浓度以及恒温室温度等影响显色的因素。最佳条件下,实际样品五氧化二磷加标回收率为96.0%~102%,相对标准偏差在4%以下;采样体积为300 L时,方法检出限为0.001 6 mg/m~3。t检验结果表明,所建方法与现行国标法的测定结果无显著性差异。方法分析速度快、重现性好、灵敏度高,适用于空气中五氧化二磷的测定。     

Physical Modeling of Emissions from Naturally Ventilated Underground Parking Garages

The dispersion of pollutants from naturally ventilated underground parking garages has been studied in a boundary layer wind tunnel. Two idealized model setups have been analysed, one was simulating pollutant dispersion around an isolated rectangular building and one was representing dispersion in a finite array of idealized building blocks. Flow and dispersion close to modelled ground level emission sources was measured. The results illustrate the complexity of the flow around buildings and provide insight in pollutant transport from ground level sources located directly on building surfaces. As a result, areas critical with respect to high pollutant concentrations could be visualized. Particularly, the results show high concentration gradients on the surface of the buildings equipped with modelled emission sources. Inside the boundary layers on the building walls, a significant amount of pollutants is transported to upwind locations on the surface of the building. The paper documents the potential of physical modelling to be used for the simulation and measurement of dispersion close to emission sources and within complex building arrangements.     

VPT511BF-SY多孔流速仪在烟气流量在线监测中的应用

针对目前国内基于单个探头的单点在线测试烟气流量与参比方法监测比对合格率不高的问题,提出一种新颖的基于平均差压皮托管法的多孔流速仪,通过对不同的安装位置及安装数量的多孔烟气流速仪的烟气在线流量监测结果与手工监测结果进行比对,验证在适当位置安装一定数量的多孔烟气流速仪可以确保与手工监测比对结果满足要求。     

Return to the River: Environmental Flow Policy in the United States and Canada1

Abstract: This paper provides an overview and summary of United States and Canadian federal, state, and provincial laws that offer some form of legal protection for environmental flows. Special attention is given to the new “second generation” law established in Texas and to ways western states are beginning to encourage transactions that help restore dewatered streams. Progress in the eastern states and some Canadian provinces to provide environmental flow protection is addressed. Based on this review, this paper presents recommended elements of a “model” environmental flow policy.     

体育馆出口疏散能力的实验研究

为研究出口单位流量与人流时间之间的关系,以某体育馆为例,进行对某一出口常态下的人流观测实验.通过理论计算和建立Cubic回归模型对采集数据进行了统计分析.发现:单位出口流量最大值为2人/(m·s),稳定值为0.8-1.2人/(m·s),最小值为0.2人/(m·s).出口单位流量是人流时间的三次函数.研究结果表明:出口单位流量是随着时间的变化而变化,不是一个定值,而且单位出口流量稳定值分布在初期.本文对性能化防火设计有一定的参考价值.     

SIMAZINE REMOVAL FROM WATER IN A CONTINUOUS BUBBLE COLUMN BY O3 AND O3/H2O2

Simazine, [2-chloro, 4,6-bis(ethylamino)-1,3,5-s-triazine], a common herbicide found in surface and ground water has been ozonized in continuous flow mode. Typical operating variables in ozonation processes have been investigated. Thus, the ozone dose fed to the system exerted a positive effect, while the gas flow rate did not influence the efficiency of the process provided ozone mass flow rate was kept constant. Increasing the pH led to a higher extension of the free radical degradation of simazine and, therefore, to a higher efficiency of the process. Also, addition of free radical promoters, i.e. hydrogen peroxide, did result in a significant improvement of the simazine removal rate. A first approach to process economy showed the system ozone/hydrogen peroxide as the most advantageous in terms of electrical energy requirements.     

APPLICATION OF ENHANCED ANNEALING TO GROUND WATER REMEDIATION DESIGN1

ABSTRACT: A methodology for ground water remediation design has been developed that interfaces ground water simulation models with an enhanced annealing optimizer. The ground water flow and transport simulators provide the ability to consider site‐specific contamination and geohydrologic conditions directly in the assessment of alternative remediation system designs. The optimizer facilitates analysis of tradeoffs between technical, environmental, regulatory, and financial risks for alternative design and operation scenarios. A ground water management model using an optimization method referred to as “enhanced annealing” (simulated annealing enhanced to include “directional search” and “memory” mechanisms) has been developed and successfully applied to an actual restoration problem. The demonstration site is the contaminated unconfined aquifer referred to as N‐Springs located at Han‐ford, Washington. Results of the demonstration show the potential for improving groundwater restoration system performance while reducing overall system cost.     

U型工作面上隅角埋管瓦斯抽采数值模拟研究

传统的U型通风工作面上隅角瓦斯积聚现象经常出现，严重制约着矿井正常生产能力的有效发挥，对矿井安全生产造成重大威胁。基于前人对采空区非均质多孔介质气体运移理论的研究，采用Fluent软件数值模拟研究了U型和上隅角埋管条件下U型通风系统的静压力场和瓦斯浓度场。研究结果表明：在相同的模型参数条件下，U型通风容易造成上隅角瓦斯积聚，上隅角瓦斯超限问题十分严重；采空区5m处埋管，治理上隅角瓦斯积聚的效果欠佳，达不到安全开采的条件；15m处埋管可以较好的解决上隅角瓦斯超限问题，工作面没有出现瓦斯积聚现象，工作面和回风巷的瓦斯浓度始终处于1％以下；25m处埋管的效果与15m基本相同，没有表现出更好的瓦斯治理效果。综合数值模拟的结果，确定了上隅角埋管抽放采空区瓦斯的理想抽放位置为距离地板垂高1．2m、沿走向深入采空区15m处。     

INSTANTANEOUS PEAK FLOW ESTIMATION PROCEDURES FOR NEWFOUNDLAND STREAMS1

ABSTRACT: A procedure of estimating instantaneous flood flows for various return periods on the Island of Newfoundland is presented. The procedure is based on annual maximum instantaneous flows rather than annual maximum daily-mean flows, as the latter requires the conversion of estimated daily-mean flows into instantaneous flows. Regression equations were developed for each of three homogeneous regions for the desired return periods. The flood flow estimation capability of the presented procedure is demonstrated to be better than any other currently available procedure on the Island.