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151.
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153.
Andhika Puspito Nugroho Niken Satuti Nur Handayani I Gede Angga Pramudita 《毒物与环境化学》2017,99(9-10):1368-1377
Disposal of waste into aquatic ecosystems may cause microalgae to be exposed to various metals, e.g. copper and cadmium. The effects caused by combinations of metals may be more serious. Evaluations of subcellular fate, bioaccumulation, and biological effects of metals on aquatic organisms are generally derived from experiments with individual metals. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of exposure of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to copper and cadmium in combination on subcellular accumulation, distribution, and growth. The algae were exposed for 72 h to copper at concentrations of 13 – 25 µmol L?1, cadmium at about 6 µmol L?1, and combinations thereof. The levels of copper and cadmium in subcellular organelles, heat-denaturated protein, metal-rich granules, and heat-stable protein were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Exposure of C. pyrenoidosa to copper and cadmium in combination inhibited growth more strongly than copper and cadmium individually. Highest accumulation was observed in metal-rich granules and heat-stable proteins. Administration of both metals in combination affected their subcellular distribution: copper was mainly distributed into the metal-rich granules (70%–80%) and heat-stable proteins (9%–24%), cadmium in the metal-rich granules (88%–98%). 相似文献
154.
Bluish green staining in domestic fixtures was observed in three to 9-year-old houses in the city of Talca, located 256 km.
south of Santiago, the capital of Chile. The houses contained copper pipes which were exposed to soft well water, with low
pH and low buffer capacity. The aim of this paper is to establish the chemical composition of the stains and to determine
the conditions by which they were formed. X-ray diffraction analysis of the stains revealed the presence of malachite, a copper
compound that caused green coloring in kettles and water boilers. Dioptase, which is deep green in coloring, was identified
in a bathtub tile. In one house, where blue stains were found in a toilet bowl, the presence of chrysocolla was suggested
by means of X-ray fluorescence. In the field conditions studied it was concluded that the bluish green stains in bathroom
home appliances were generated by the precipitation of copper compounds in places were leakages occur. 相似文献
155.
研究了溴代十六烷基吡啶、正丁醇、正庚烷和水自制微乳溶液介质中,4-(6-甲氧基-8-喹啉偶氮)-间苯三酚与铜的显色反应,建立了分光光度法测定微量铜的新方法。在显色液中铜的质量浓度在0.010 mg/L~0.700 mg/L范围内符合比尔定律,方法检出限为0.003 mg/L,铝合金和水样测定的RSD为0.3%~1.7%,加标回收率为96.3%~104%。 相似文献
156.
德兴铜矿周边地区土壤酶活性研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用逐步多元回归和主成分分析的方法研究了德兴铜矿周边土壤中重金属和土壤酶活性的关系.结果表明:德兴铜矿周边各功能区均受到不同程度的Cu、Cd污染,Pb、Zn未超过《土壤环境质量标准》(GB 15618--1995)二级标准;各功能区土壤酶活性有显著差别,逐步回归分析表明土壤酶活性与Cu、Zn全量、生物可利用态Cu含量有显著线性关系,而与Cd、Pb无明显相关;土壤酶活性和生物可利用态Cu呈负线性关系,而与残渣态Cu有正线性关系.主成分分析显示,土壤酶信息系统的第1、第2主成分可反映酶活性总变异的96.27%,根据第1主成分对功能区酶活性的分类结果与土壤生物可利用态Cu含量的分类结果基本一致,提示土壤酶活性指标可以反映土壤生物可利用态Cu含量. 相似文献
157.
158.
159.
The effect of nitrate concentration on sulfide-driven autotrophic denitrification in marine sediment 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Copepods have been widely used to evaluate toxicity of metals present in marine environments. However, a technical difficulty is to understand the possible routes of metal uptake and to identify in which tissues or organs metals are being accumulated. Traditional techniques are hard to be employed once each organ has to be analyzed separately. Autoradiography is an alternative technique to circumvent this limitation, since metal distribution in tissues can be visualized and quantified, even in small organisms like copepods. In the present study, accumulation and distribution of 64Cu in the copepod Calanus hyperboreus was studied using autoradiography. Copepods were exposed for 2 h to copper (2.3 mg L−1; 1.08 MBq 64Cu mg−1 Cu) and then allowed to depurate for 2 h in clean seawater. Total 64Cu was determined by gamma-spectrometry after a metal exposure and a depuration period. 64Cu distribution was determined based on images generated by autoradiography. Metal accumulation was observed on all external surfaces of the copepods, being accumulated mostly on the ventral region, followed by dorsal, urossoma and internal regions. After depuration, radioactivity levels had a decrease in the sum of external body surface. Our results show that copper uptake by C. hyperboreus is fast and that a non-negligible proportion of the accumulated metal can reach internal tissues, which may lead to detrimental physiological effects. Moreover, whole-body autoradiography was demonstrated to be an efficient technique to study copper accumulation and body distribution in a very small organism such as the copepod C. hyperboreus. 相似文献
160.
Tomo Kakitani Toshimitsu Hata Takeshi Kajimoto Hideki Koyanaka Yuji Imamura 《Journal of environmental management》2009
The disposal of wood waste treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is a problem in many countries. We have proposed a novel chelating extraction technique for CCA-treated wood using bioxalate, a solution of oxalic acid containing sufficient sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH to 3.2, which is an effective way to obtain an extraction efficiency of 90% for chromium, copper, and arsenic. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the characteristics of bioxalate extraction of CCA-treated wood. Extractions of CCA-treated western hemlock chips with solutions of bioxalate, oxalic acid, and sodium hydroxide were carried out. The use of bioxalate was confirmed as the most effective extraction technique for chromium, copper and arsenic, with an efficiency of 90%. Extraction with simple oxalic acid was ineffective for copper (less than 40% extraction efficiency), but effective for chromium and arsenic, with 90% efficiency. Sodium hydroxide showed a similar tendency, being ineffective for chromium and copper (less than 20% extraction efficiency), but relatively effective for arsenic (around 70–80% efficiency). We also discovered an interesting phenomenon whereby the addition of sodium hydroxide to a simple oxalic acid solution during the oxalic acid extraction progress resulted in dramatically increased extraction efficiency for copper, chromium and arsenic, up to 90%. Although oxalic acid was ineffective for copper extraction, the addition of sodium hydroxide during the oxalic acid extraction process rendered it effective. 相似文献