铜对缘管浒苔（Enteromorpha linza）的毒性效应

研究了铜对缘管浒苔（Ｅｎｔｅｒｏｍｏｒｐｈａｌｉｎｚａ）的毒性效应，试验了不同的配合剂对铜的毒性效应及累积量的影响。结果发现，铜对缘管浒苔的毒性效应阈值为０．１０ｍｇ／Ｌ；０．５０ｍｇ／ＬＣｕ￣（２＋）可使缘管浒苔迅速死亡，培养９６ｈ后光合作用强度下降为零。ＥＤＴＡ可抑制铜在藻体中的累积，缓解毒性；８－羟基喹啉则促进铜在藻体中的累积，加刷了毒性。和铜污染的培养介质短期接触（＜１ｍ后，加入足量ＥＤＴＡ，藻体生长和对照组相当，较长时间接触（＞４ｈ）后，ＥＤ－ＴＡ不能使藻恢复生长。结合ＥＤＴＡ“洗脱”实验提出，Ｃｕ￣（２＋）可能首先经离子交换机制结合于藻体表面，之后，才逐步向细胞内转移。     

网捕凝聚法处理高浓度有机络合铜废水

采用网捕凝聚法对含Cu为1730～3820mg/l、COD为3984～5480mg/l的有机络合铜废水的处理工艺条件进行了研究。经实验室放大试验表明,在严格控制pH7.0～7.5条件下,加入凝聚剂生成絮体晶核来实现网捕凝聚,可使出水中铜为0.2～2.0mg/l,然后采用生物流化床对此废水进行生物降解,可使排放水中铜和COD达到或接近排放标准。     

Copper mobilization affected by weather conditions in a stormwater detention system receiving runoff waters from vineyard soils (Champagne, France)

Copper, a priority substance on the EU-Water Framework Directive list, is widely used to protect grapevines against fungus diseases. Many vineyards being located on steep slopes, large amounts of Cu could be discharged in downstream systems by runoff water. The efficiency of stormwater detention basins to retain copper in a vineyard catchment was estimated. Suspended solids, dissolved (Cu_diss) and total Cu (Cu_tot) concentrations were monitored in runoff water, upstream, into and downstream from a detention pond. Mean Cu_tot concentrations in entering water was 53.6 μg/L whereas it never exceeded 2.4 μg/L in seepage. Cu_tot concentrations in basin water (>100 μg/L in 24% of the samples) exceeded LC₅₀ values for several aquatic animals. Copper was principally sequestered by reduced compounds in the basin sediments (2/3 of Cu_tot). Metal sequestration was reversible since sediment resuspension resulted in Cu remobilization. Wind velocity controlled resuspension, explained 70% of Cu_diss variability and could help predicting Cu mobilization.     

纳米铜颗粒的种间毒性关系

纳米颗粒的种间毒性关系尚无明确结论,因此很难判断纳米颗粒对未进行毒性测试的物种的风险如何。本文作者将5种水蚤(Daphnia magna, Daphnia pulex, Daphnia galeata, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Chydorus sphaericus)暴露于4种不同粒径的纳米铜颗粒(CuNPs)和1种亚微米铜颗粒的悬浊液中,考察物种的形态特征与CuNPs急性毒性的关系。结果显示,杆状的CuNPs比球状的CuNPs毒性更低。纳米铜颗粒与溶出铜离子均对CuNPs的毒性有贡献,其中,当新生蚤的体长、体表面积和身体体积更小时,5种悬浊液中颗粒的毒性更大。5种蚤的身体体积与5种CuNPs的毒性显著相关(r_adj²>0.51, p < 0.001),78-nm CuNPs与蚤身体体积的相关性最好 (r_adj²?=?0.95, p < 0.001)。这个研究可以为纳米颗粒对有相似外形特征的物种进行毒性种间外推提供线索。
精选自Lan Song, Martina G. Vijver, Geert R. de Snoo and Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg. Assessing toxicity of copper nanoparticles across five cladoceran species. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Volume 34, Issue 8, pages 1744–1750, August 2015. DOI: 10.1002/etc.3000
详情请见http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/etc.3000/full     

Preparation and evaluation of aminopropyl-functionalized manganese-loaded SBA-15 for copper removal from aqueous solution

A novel material, aminopropyl-functionalized manganese-loaded SBA-15 (NH₂-Mn-SBA-15), was synthesized by bonding 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (APTMS) onto manganese-loaded SBA-15 (Mn-SBA-15) and used as a Cu^2 + adsorbent in aqueous solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction spectra (XRD), N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherms, high resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the NH₂-Mn-SBA-15. The ordered mesoporous structure of SBA-15 was remained after modification. The manganese oxides were mainly loaded on the internal surface of the pore channels while the aminopropyl groups were mainly anchored on the external surface of SBA-15. The adsorption of Cu^2 + on NH₂-Mn-SBA-15 was fitted well by the Langmuir equation and the maximum adsorption capacity of NH₂-Mn-SBA-15 for Cu^2 + was over two times higher than that of Mn-SBA-15 under the same conditions. The Elovich equation gave a good fit for the adsorption process of Cu^2 + by NH₂-Mn-SBA-15 and Mn-SBA-15. Both the loaded manganese oxides and the anchored aminopropyl groups were found to contribute to the uptake of Cu^2 +. The NH₂-Mn-SBA-15 showed high selectivity for copper ions. Consecutive adsorption–desorption experiments showed that the NH₂-Mn-SBA-15 could be regenerated by acid treatment without altering its properties.     

丁香蓼对Cu富集效应的研究

通过盆栽实验研究不同浓度的Cu胁迫对丁香蓼响应和富集效应的影响,结果表明,随着Cu的浓度增加,丁香蓼的株高和生物量降低,长势减弱,但在低浓度(ω(Cu)为125 mg/kg)时降低不明显,与对照组差异性不显著,高浓度与对照组差异性显著。根茎叶中Cu含量随着添加的Cu浓度增加而增加,Cu的含量和富集系数都表现为根叶茎,对Cu的积累量表现为根、茎叶,丁香蓼不是Cu的超富集植物,但对Cu具有较好富集作用和忍耐能力。     

Inertia welding for assembly of copper squirrel cages for electric motors

The automotive industry is developing designs and manufacturing processes for new generations of electric motors intended for use in hybrid and electric vehicles. There is interest in replacing the aluminum traditionally used in induction motor rotors with copper to improve motor capability. This paper focuses on solid-state welding to join copper end rings to copper spokes in the fabrication of copper rotors. Inertia friction welding was explored to examine weldability of these copper components. A better understanding of inertia welding characteristics will help the advancements in its application for induction rotors. The limitations of this application are discussed.     

Biosorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) onto a lignocellulosic substrate extracted from wheat bran

We studied the removal of copper and zinc ions from aqueous solutions using a lignocellulosic substrate obtained by an acido-basic treatment of wheat bran. The sorption capacity of this material was investigated through batch and column experiments. Batch experimental results showed that the retention capacity of the lignocellulosic substrate was 0.20×10^–3 mol g^–1 at pH 4.5 for copper(II) and 0.24×10^–3 mol g^–1 at pH 6.5 for zinc(II). Column experiments showed a reduced sorption capacity for both ions compared to batch experiments. Batch and column data were analysed using the Langmuir equation in order to determine the affinity constant and the binding capacity of the sorbent and to compare both retention processes.     

Biosorption of copper, zinc, cadmium and nickel by Chlorella vulgaris

The sorption capacity of the microalga, Chlorella vulgaris, was investigated using different metals (Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni), in both monometallic and bimetallic solutions. The final metal concentrations were significantly low. In the case of copper, an acid pretreatment (at pH 3) of the biomass was required to avoid an excessive increase in pH and the subsequent precipitation of metal during tests. This pretreatment was not necessary for the rest of the metals. The study of the influence of pH led to a greater metal uptake at a higher pH, suggesting a clear competition between metal cations and protons during the biosorption process. The biomass concentration was also a relevant variable, and the best sorption capacities were achieved at the lowest biomass concentration. pH also had a great influence on the elution of the metal retained by the biomass. The best recovery yields were obtained for the lower pH of the eluent solution. Sorption isotherms were well fitted to the Langmuir model, for both single-metal and two-metal systems. In both cases, the biomass showed a greater affinity for Cd.