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121.
Warne MS Heemsbergen D McLaughlin M Bell M Broos K Whatmuff M Barry G Nash D Pritchard D Penney N 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):707-714
Laboratory-based relationships that model the phytotoxicity of metals using soil properties have been developed. This paper presents the first field-based phytotoxicity relationships. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was grown at 11 Australian field sites at which soil was spiked with copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) salts. Toxicity was measured as inhibition of plant growth at 8 weeks and grain yield at harvest. The added Cu and Zn EC10 values for both endpoints ranged from approximately 3 to 4760 mg/kg. There were no relationships between field-based 8-week biomass and grain yield toxicity values for either metal. Cu toxicity was best modelled using pH and organic carbon content while Zn toxicity was best modelled using pH and the cation exchange capacity. The best relationships estimated toxicity within a factor of two of measured values. Laboratory-based phytotoxicity relationships could not accurately predict field-based phytotoxicity responses. 相似文献
122.
以3-(环己氧基)-邻苯二腈和氯化铜为原料,通过钼酸铵固相法合成了一种烷氧基取代的铜酞菁配合物α-四(环己氧基)铜酞菁(CuPc),采用浸渍法将其负载在MCM-41和SBA-15介孔分子筛中,制备了CuPc/MCM-41和CuPc/SBA-15催化剂,并且负载后的酞菁还能回收利用,仍然具有催化效果。采用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)、红外光谱(IR)对目标产物进行表征,并用TG对酞菁进行热稳定性分析,结果表明酞菁在200℃时开始失重,350℃时失重率最大为58%;通过氮气吸附对催化剂进行表征,证明酞菁已经进入到分子筛孔道,孔容积分别从0.132 cm3/g减至0.055 cm3/g和0.420 cm3/g减至0.202 cm3/g。研究了2种催化剂在不同pH、催化剂浓度下对巯基乙醇(ME)催化氧化性能的影响,结果表明,CuPc/SBA-15对巯基乙醇(ME)具有较高的催化活性,且2种催化剂的活性在pH=12时都达到最大。 相似文献
123.
水体二价铜离子致蟾蜍蝌蚪DNA损伤和氧化损伤 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
为研究水体二价铜离子(Cu2 )暴露对蝌蚪造成的损伤,以常见的中华大蟾蜍蝌蚪为研究对象,采用标准水生生物毒性实验法,将蝌蚪暴露于0.029、0.037、0.049、0.075 mg·L-1的铜溶液中7d,检测蝌蚪血细胞DNA损伤及机体过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量,以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷肮甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性.结果表明,随铜暴露浓度的增加,蝌蚪血细胞DNA损伤、MDA和GSH含量与对照组比均有明显升高,且呈浓度-效应关系.蝌蚪SOD、CAT、GSH-Px酶活性也有显著改变;MDA、GSH、DNA损伤均呈线性关系(R2分别为0.9968、0.8997).上述结果表明,水体二价铜离子可导致蝌蚪的氧化损伤和DNA损伤. 相似文献
124.
125.
火焰原子吸收法间接测定环境水中的硫化物 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收法间接测定水中硫化物,方法适用于环境水中硫化物的测定.用改进后的装置进行预处理,样品中加入10ml磷酸,用氮气作载气将生成的硫化氢吹出,载气流量50ml/min,吹气40min.用pH4.5的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲介质中的Cu(Ⅱ)作吸收液,并加入95%的乙醇作气泡分散剂.测定吸收液水相中剩余的Cu(Ⅱ),以达到间接测定硫化物的目的.方法相对标准偏差为1.6%~3.4%,检测下限0.02mg/L. 相似文献
126.
The acute toxicity of monodispersed 6 nm and <100 nm poly-dispersed copper oxide nanoparticles toward Daphnia magna was assessed using 48 h immobilization tests. CuSO4 was used as a reference. Four different exposure conditions were tested, to study whether the toxicity of the nanoparticle suspensions changed in a way similar to what is known for dissolved Cu: first in ISO standard test conditions (pH 7.8), second with slight acidity (pH 6.5), third in the presence of citric acid, and fourth in the presence of humic acid. For all four exposure conditions, the toxicity of Cu employed in the three forms followed the same sequence, i.e., CuSO4 > monodispersed 6 nm CuO ? poly-dispersed CuO. The toxicity of all Cu forms decreased from pH 6.5, ? pH 7.8, > pH 7.8 + citric acid, to ? pH 7.8 + humic acid. This pattern is in agreement with concentrations of Cu2+ calculated using the equilibrium model MINTEQ. These findings show that the acute toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles is governed by test water composition and the chemical species Cu2+. 相似文献
127.
Poul Johansen Martin Munk Hansen Gert Asmund Palle Bo Nielsen 《Chemistry and Ecology》1991,5(1):35-55
In monitoring the impact of a lead-zinc mine in Greenland, species of fish, prawns, seaweed and mussels have been analysed for cadmium, copper, lead and zinc for several years. These metals have been released to the marine environment in significant amounts from the mining operation. 相似文献
128.
The toxicity of copper,cadmium and zinc to four different Hydra (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
An acute toxicity study of three metals to Hydra species carried out using two different assessment methods, (i) determination of the LC50 and (ii) measurement of progressive morphological changes, demonstrated that relative toxicity decreased from copper to cadmium with zinc the least toxic for all species. The latter method revealed more details of the effect on Hydra in terms of physical damage to the polyp but both methods indicated that H. viridissima was more sensitive to copper and cadmium than H. vulgaris1 (Zurich strain, male clone), H. vulgaris2 (a dioecious strain reproducing sexually and asexually) and H. oligactis (dioecious, reproducing sexually and asexually). The responses to zinc were similar for all Hydra. The possible role of metabolic interactions between H. viridissima and its symbiotic green algae in contributing to the greater sensitivity of this polyp is discussed. 相似文献
129.
Marine macroalgal communities were examined near the outflow of acid mine drainage (AMD) from the Britannia Mine, British Columbia, Canada. No marine algae were present within 100 m of the mouth of Britannia Creek, which carries the AMD into the marine environment. At greater distances (300-700 m) from this Creek, mean summer cover of filamentous green algae, mostly Enteromorpha intestinalis, was >60%, which was significantly higher than at nearby reference stations. At still greater distances (600-1000 m) from Britannia Creek, Fucus gardneri dominated algal communities that were similar to those at reference stations. No consistent differences were detected in mean plant length, mean per cent cover or mean oocyte production between F. gardneri near Britannia Creek and those at reference stations. Cu body burden in F. gardneri near Britannia Creek was five to 17 times higher than in reference plants. 相似文献
130.
S. M. G. J. Pelgrom L. P. M. Lamers R. A. C. Lock P. H. M. Balm S. E. Wendelaar Bonga 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1995,90(3)
Sexually mature female tilapia were exposed to sublethal concentrations of waterborne Cu and/or Cd over 6 days, and subsequent body concentrations of these metals were determined in several organs. The results show that the distribution of Cu and Cd was metal and organ specific. This is demonstrated, for example, by the observation that in tilapia, Cu exposure did not result in Cu accumulation in the liver, whereas in the intestinal wall, notably high concentrations of Cu and Cd were measured in metal exposed fish.In addition to single metal exposed fish, we also determined Cu and Cd body distribution in Cu---Cd co-exposed fish. The observed interactions in metal accumulation were most pronounced in the organs of fish exposed to low, environmentally realistic, metal concentrations. 相似文献