Enhanced microbial reduction of aqueous hexavalent chromium by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 with biochar as electron shuttle

Biochar, carbonaceous material produced from biomass pyrolysis, has been demonstrated to have electron transfer property(associated with redox active groups and multi condensed aromatic moiety), and to be also involved in biogeochemical redox reactions. In this study, the enhanced removal of Cr(VI) by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1(MR-1) in the presence of biochars with different pyrolysis temperatures(300 to 800 °C) was investigated to understand how biochar interacts with Cr(VI) reducing bacteria ...     

某铬渣堆场周边土壤地下水Cr~(6+)污染特征研究

通过采集某铬渣堆场周边不同距离、深度的土壤和地下水样品,研究了铬渣堆场周边土壤、地下水中六价铬的分布特征和污染状况,通过数据分析确定了铬渣堆场周边受铬污染的地下水和土壤的范围及污染程度,判断污染边界,为后续场地污染治理提供了基础资料。结果表明:铬渣堆场周边土壤地下水已受到严重铬污染,必须尽快采取有效措施对其进行治理修复,以保证当地的农业生产和人体健康。     

Microbiological reduction of hexavalent chromium by indigenous chromium-resistant bacteria in sand column experiments

Indigenous bacteria that are resistant to high concentrations of Cr(VI) were isolated from a Cr-contaminated sediment. Sand column experiments were conducted using the isolated bacteria to investigate microbial effects on Cr(VI) reduction in open systems that simulated subsurface conditions. The indigenous Cr-resistant bacteria appeared to reduce Cr(VI) in the column experiments. When 12 mg/L of Cr(VI) was injected into the columns, the removal efficiencies of Cr(VI) by the isolated bacteria were 39.1%, 62.5%, and 63.6% at 24, 48, and 72 h retention times of Cr(VI) solution, respectively. These results imply that the linear velocity of groundwater or pore water should be less than 0.63 cm/h for effective removal of Cr(VI) in subsurface conditions. In comparison, the noninoculated control column did not show a significant variation in dissolved Cr(VI) concentration. The results indicated that reduction of Cr(VI) was occurring in the column due to the activity of the indigenous bacteria.     

Selective targeted adsorption and inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria by Cr-loaded mixed metal oxides

• LDHs and MMOs was synthesized by ultrasound-assisted one-step co-precipitation. • MMOs performs the best for Cr(VI) and E. coli_NDM-1 simultaneous removal. • Possible antibacterial pathways of Cr-MMOs were proposed. Herein we provide a novel high-efficiency nanocomposite for bacterial capture based on mixed metal oxides (MMOs) with deleterious chromium properties. With both the layer structure of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and the magnetic properties of Fe, MMOs enrich the location of ionic forms on the surface, providing a good carrier for adsorption of the heavy metal Cr(VI). The capacity for adsorption of Cr(VI) by MMOs can be as high as 98.80 mg/g. The prepared Cr(VI)-MMOs achieved extremely expeditious location of gram-negative antibiotic-resistant E. coli_NDM-1 by identifying lipid bilayers. Cr-MMOs with a Cr loading of 19.70 mg/g had the best bactericidal effect, and the concentration of E. coli_NDM-1 was decreased from ~10⁸ to ~10³ CFU/mL after 30 min of reaction. The binding of nitrogen and phosphorus hydrophilic groups to chromate generated realistic models for density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The specific selectivity of MMOs toward bacterial cells was improved by taking Cr(VI) as a transferable medium, thereby enhancing the antibacterial activity of Cr-MMOs. Under the combined action of chemical and physical reactions, Cr(VI)-MMOs achieved high capacity for inactivation of bacteria. Moreover, the metallic elements ratio in Cr-MMOs remained stable in their initial valence states after inactivation. This guaranteed high removal efficiency for both heavy metals and bacteria, allowing recycling of the adsorbent in practical applications.     

某典型铬盐厂污染场地Cr(VI)还原菌的筛选、鉴定及还原特性

从河南省义马市某典型铬盐厂污染场地3个典型区域获得污染土壤,以K2Cr2O7为供试物,用固体平板法筛选出8株菌,并进行Cr（VI）还原菌耐受性实验,挑选出耐受性较高的2株菌作为Cr（VI）的优势还原菌株,对这2株菌进行生长曲线的测定,用16S rRNA基因测序技术对其进行菌种鉴定,并研究了其在不同初始浓度、接种量、pH、温度条件下的还原特性,获得最佳还原条件。结果表明：YM4和YM7等2株菌对Cr（VI）具有高耐受性,其对50 mg·L-1和75 mg·L-1 Cr（VI）浓度的还原率均能达到97%以上。但Cr（VI）浓度提高到100 mg·L-1,YM4和YM7对Cr（VI）的还原率下降到了60%,说明100 mg·L-1 Cr（VI）对YM4和YM7产生了抑制作用。基因测序鉴定出YM4为芽孢杆菌,YM7为微小杆菌。在20～75 mg·L-1 范围内YM4和YM7均对Cr（VI）有较好去除效果。YM4的最佳还原条件是接种量为5%、pH为7.0～8.0、温度为35 ℃,YM7的最佳还原条件是接种量为5%、pH为7.0、温度为40 ℃。基于2株菌对Cr（VI）还原特性的研究,YM4和YM7可以用来作为微生物修复铬污染土壤的备选菌种。     

生物铁修复Cr（VI）污染土壤的性能及机理

以活性污泥与生物铁作为修复剂,对比时间、pH、污泥投加量、Cr（VI）初始浓度对活性污泥、生物铁去除土壤中Cr（VI）的影响;考察生物铁对土壤中Cr（VI）的还原率;采用SEM、XRD、XPS对生物铁修复前后的Cr（VI）污染土壤进行表征分析。实验结果表明：在土壤中,生物铁对Cr（VI）的修复效果优于活性污泥,当pH为6.0,Cr（VI）初始浓度为300 mg·kg-1,生物铁和活性污泥的投加量均为19.57 mg·g-1,修复时间为45 d时,土壤中Cr（VI）经活性污泥与生物铁修复后浓度分别为31.42、19.69 mg·kg-1,去除率分别为89.52%、94.12%。生物铁修复土壤Cr（VI）以还原作用为主,吸附为辅。Cr（VI）污染土壤被生物铁修复后出现了FeOOH、Fe3O4以及Fe3O4与FeCr2O4的混合物,部分Cr（VI）被还原为Cr（III）,铁被氧化为Fe2+、Fe3+。     

生物炭携载纳米零价铁对溶液中Cr(VI)的去除

利用液相还原法,使生物炭携载纳米零价铁,可以有效解决纳米零价铁在水处理应用中自身团聚问题,从而提高Cr(VI)的去除效率。研究发现:在添加相同剂量纳米的条件下,当炭铁质量比为5:1时,生物炭携载纳米零价铁对溶液中Cr(VI)的去除率可达到96.8%,比纯纳米零价铁去除Cr(VI)的效率高35.9%;TEM和BET分析表明,生物炭携载纳米零价铁比纯纳米零价铁有更好的分散性和更高的比表面积,这是其去除Cr(VI)效果更好的主要原因;当溶液中Cr(VI)的反应初始浓度从25 mg/L提升至125 mg/L时,表观速率常数kobs从0.104 1 min-1降低至0.023 5 min-1,说明反应速率随着Cr(VI)初始浓度的增大而降低;当反应溶液初始pH在4.5~8.5之间时,携载纳米零价铁的生物炭对溶液中Cr(VI)的去除率均达到92.1%以上,表明生物炭携载纳米零价铁具有较广的pH适应范围,且对Cr(VI)具有较好的去除效果。     

不同炭材料吸附Cr(VI)的热力学研究

以4种碳基材料作为吸附剂,研究了不同吸附剂对Cr(VI)的去除效果,并对吸附热力学进行了研究。研究结果表明,木质活性炭和煤质活性炭对Cr(VI)的吸附效果较好;温度对木质活性炭与煤质活性炭的吸附能力影响较大,随着温度由298 K提升至343 K,其对Cr(VI)吸附能力提高50%以上,在343 K其最大吸附量分别为160.72 mg/g和151.88 mg/g;热力学参数研究说明2种活性炭吸附的过程为熵增过程;且随着温度升高,ΔG0的值变小,说明升高温度使吸附过程的自发程度增高。     

天然有机酸和DTPA组合工艺对Cr(Ⅵ)污染土壤的淋洗修复

针对重庆市某工业废弃地Cr(Ⅵ)污染土壤,分别采用不同浓度草酸、柠檬酸、乙酸组合二乙基三胺五乙酸(DTPA)对其进行淋洗处理,结合XRD和SEM-EDS电镜扫描分析,探究组合淋洗剂对土壤Cr(Ⅵ)残留量和淋洗机理的影响。结果表明：有机酸单一淋洗优劣顺序为草酸>柠檬酸>乙酸(P<0.05),DTPA在5 g·L⁻¹时达到最大淋洗量;组合淋洗顺序对Cr(Ⅵ)去除率具有显著影响(P<0.05),5 g·L⁻¹ DTPA与0.2 mol·L⁻¹草酸顺序淋洗在液固比10∶1、淋洗60 min时效果最佳,粒级>2 mm和粒级<2 mm土壤Cr(Ⅵ)残留含量分别为35.42和45.57 mg·kg⁻¹,去除率达到89.20%和86.99%。ExpDec1、Elovich和双常数模型均适用于Cr(Ⅵ)淋洗动力学过程(R²>0.98)。经组合淋洗后,土壤表面Cr元素含量减少,且未检出Cr(Ⅵ)化合物,矿物学形态变化明显。草酸和DTPA组合顺序淋洗可作为较好的复配淋洗剂,该研究结果可为异位淋洗修复Cr(Ⅵ)污染土壤的实际应用提供参考。     

烟秸杆生物碳对铬(Ⅵ)废水的吸附动力学和热力学

以农业废弃物烟秸杆为原料,以KH2PO4为活化剂,制备了烟秸杆生物碳(简称TSC500),通过静态吸附实验研究了TSC500对含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的吸附性能。采用比表面积分析仪对TSC500进行了测试,实验考察了pH值、吸附剂用量、吸附时间、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度和温度对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附的影响,深入研究了TSC500对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附行为。结果表明,在pH=3、温度313 K条件下,0.2 g TSC500吸附100 mg/L Cr(Ⅵ),去除率和吸附容量分别达到91.32%和45.66 mg/g,Langmuir和Freundlich比Temkin等温模型更好地拟合吸附实验数据;准一级和准二级动力学模型均能较好地描述该吸附行为,相关系数高达0.99;计算得到热力学参数ΔGθ、ΔHθ和ΔSθ值表明该吸附过程为自发吸热过程。