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491.
采用固相萃取技术富集海水中的666、DDT,并使用气相色谱进行测定。主要包括不同填料(C8、C18、C18-N)、SPE柱规格(500 mg/3 mL、500 mg/6 mL)、洗脱试剂、上样流速、水样pH和洗脱试剂体积6个因素对666、DDT富集效率的影响。最终确定最优条件为:采用500 mg/6 mL C18SPE小柱,调节海水pH=6,上样流速4~5mL/min,10 mL二氯甲烷洗脱。优化后的固相萃取-气相色谱方法测定海水中666、DDT加标10 ng/L回收率为75.7%~110.4%,精密度为1.16%~4.00%,方法检出限为0.19~1.20 ng/L。 相似文献
492.
污染场地六价铬的还原和微生物稳定化研究 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3
通过采集苏州某化工原址场地铬污染土壤,首先加入石硫合剂使大部分六价铬[Cr(Ⅵ)]还原,再加入营养液促进土著微生物大量生长,利用微生物还原稳定化土壤中的铬.培养60 d后,通过毒性浸出、土壤中剩余Cr(Ⅵ)测定等实验确定稳定化效果,结果表明,加入5%营养液培养后,土壤毒性浸出液中Cr(Ⅵ)浓度由原来的8.26 mg·L-1降低到0.26 mg·L-1,降低了96.8%,总铬浓度由原来14.66 mg·L-1降低到0.63 mg·L-1,降低了95.7%.另外,通过高锰酸钾氧化实验和灭菌实验确定稳定化的持久性,高锰酸钾氧化后,仅通过还原处理的土壤浸出液中Cr(Ⅵ)由8.26 mg·L-1增加到14.68 mg·L-1,而经稳定化后的土壤浸出液中Cr(Ⅵ)降低到2.68 mg·L-1.稳定化后的土壤样品经紫外灭菌,发现微生物消亡后,对稳定化效果没有显著影响.因此,初步证明了高浓度高毒性的Cr(Ⅵ)污染土壤经初步还原后再经微生物稳定化治理是可行的,为Cr(Ⅵ)污染场地治理提供了一种高效低成本的修复技术. 相似文献
493.
枣庄市大气颗粒物扫描电镜分析和来源识别 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
应用扫描电镜-X射线能谱对枣庄市大气颗粒物进行定性分析,得出如下结论:(1)枣庄市大气颗粒物中含有燃煤颗粒、土壤颗粒、水泥颗粒、汽车尾气颗粒、石膏颗粒、植物残体颗粒和未知颗粒;(2)依据颗粒粒数百分比统计结果。得出枣庄市大气颗粒物以水泥颗粒、土壤颗粒和燃煤颗粒为主,汽车尾气颗粒和其它颗粒含量很少;(3)对枣庄市大气颗粒物平均粒径进行统计,得出枣庄市大气颗粒物平均粒径集中分布在2.5μm~20岬范围内,其粒数百分比在80%以上。 相似文献
494.
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496.
1IntroductionHacidmonosodiumsalt(4amino5hydroxy2,7Naphthalenedisculfonicacidmonosodiumsalt,hereinafterrefereedtoas“Ha... 相似文献
497.
啤酒酵母吸附去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)的研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
研究了吸附剂用量、重金属初始浓度、pH对非活性啤酒酵母菌体吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的影响.结果表明,吸附剂的用量越高,对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率也越高,但单位菌体吸附量却越低;相反,Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度越高,对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率就越低,但单位菌体吸附量却越高;溶液的pH也是影响吸附去除效果的重要因素之一,当pH为1时,吸附去除效果最好,非活性啤酒酵母菌体对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附过程可用Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型来拟合,但Langmuir等温吸附模型的拟合效果更好,由Langmuir等温吸附方程得到最大吸附量为9.17mg/g干菌体. 相似文献
498.
The toxic effects of Cr(Vl) on antioxidant enzymes of Oxya chinensis(Orthoptera: Acridoidae) were determined. Changes in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), and guaiacol peroxidase(GPx) were measured in O. chinensis insects injected with Cr(VI). Fifth-nymphs of O. chinensis insects were injected with Cr(VI) with different concentrations (0, 75, 150, 225, 300, 375, 450 mg/kg of body weight). The results showed that Cr(VI) led to the change of SOD, CAT, and GPx activities at different concentrations, which revealed that: (1) The oxidative stress of SOD increased with the increase of Cr (VI) concentration. (2) With the increase of Cr (VI) concentrations, CAT activities for females increased at lower concentrations, but decreased at higher concentration range, which indicated that antioxidant system of O. chinensis was not influenced by the presence of Cr (VI). A very similar response to Cr(VI) effect for males indicated that Cr(VI) concentrations were not high enough to damage O. chinensis in terms of CAT. (3) The GPx activity for females increased in all treatments, which revealed that the damage power of Cr(VI) was increased with the increase of Cr(Vi) concentrations in terms of GPx, but the effect was not so remarkable. There was not a consistent trend of GPx activities for males in all treatments of Cr(VI). Cr(VI)-induced changes in antioxidant enzymes were different for SOD, CAT and GPx, of which the tendency was that activities generally changed with increase of concentrations of Cr(VI) suggesting SOD, CAT, and GPx could serve as indices of oxidative stress to some extent. 相似文献
499.
Cr(VI) is a common heavy metal ion, which will seriously harm human body and environment. Therefore, the removal of Cr(VI) has become an attractive topic. In this work, cinder was used as a raw material to synthesize a nanoneedle material: γ-([email protected]) (γ[email protected]). The physicochemical properties of γ[email protected] were thoroughly characterized, and its effectiveness as a catalyst for photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) was evaluated. The results showed that Cr(VI) could be efficiently reduced by γ[email protected] in the presence of tartaric acid (TA) under visible light. The variable factors on the reaction were investigated in detail, and the results showed that under optimal conditions (γ[email protected] 0.4 g/L, TA 0.6 g/L, pH 2), Cr(VI) was completely reduced within 7 min. Besides, scavenger experiments and EPR proved that O2? — and CO2? — played a significant role in the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI). TA acts as a sacrificial agent to trap the holes and generate strong reducing free radicals: CO2? —. Dissolving O2 could react with electrons to generate O2? —. This work discussed the performance and mechanism of photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) in detail, which provided a new idea for the resource utilization of solid waste and the treatment of heavy metal sewage. 相似文献
500.