Removal of textile dyes from aqueous solution using PEG based aqueous biphasic system

Aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and salt have been examined for the removal of textile dyes from textile effluent. The partitioning of four dyes namely Cibacron Scarlet LS 2G, Rhodamine B, Brown ERN and Astacryl Red 3B was investigated. All the dyes studied were found to partition into the upper PEG rich layer. Sodium carbonate was found to be the most efficient salt for extraction of dyes. Sodium sulphate was found to be marginally less efficient. Sodium chloride did not cause partitioning at all. Partitioning occurred at all pH and was almost pH independent. The partitioning of these dyes in larger volume (100?mL) ABS was also demonstrated. Studies using dye bath effluent were also conducted. In all cases very high efficiencies consistently above 98% were obtained.     

Solid phase extraction of trace metals from environmental samples using Amberlite XAD-7 loaded with 2-hydroxy-propiophenone-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone and determination by inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry

A method for the solid phase extraction of trace metals, namely Co, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn, from environmental and biological samples using column Amberlite XAD-7 loaded with 2-hydroxy-propiophenone-4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (HPPPTSC) and determination by inductively coupled spectrometry (ICP–AES) has been developed. The reagent has the capacity to form chelate complexes with the metals because of three binding sites in the reagent molecule. The optimum experimental conditions for the quantitative sorption of five metals, pH, effect of flow rate, concentration of eluent, sorption capacity and the effect of diverse ions on the preconcentration of analytes have been investigated. The sorption capacity of the resin has 83, 127, 35, 88 and 85?µmol?g^?1 for Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Zn²⁺, respectively. The preconcentration factors for Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Zn²⁺ were 100, 110, 120, 140 and 150, respectively. The accuracy of the proposed procedure was evaluated by standard reference materials. The achieved results were in good agreement with certified values. The proposed method was applied for the determination of trace metals in river water and plant leaves.     

Study of atrazine degradation in soil from Kenyan sugarcane-cultivated fields in controlled laboratory conditions

A study to compare the extent of atrazine mineralization in soils from Kenyan sugarcane-cultivated fields with and without history of atrazine use was carried out in the laboratory under controlled conditions. The study was testing the hypothesis that repeated atrazine application to soil will not result in enhanced atrazine mineralization. The study was carried out with ¹⁴C-uniformly ring-labeled atrazine in a laboratory under controlled conditions. Atrazine mineralization to ¹⁴CO₂ in soil with no history of atrazine use was negligible (0.16%) after 163 days of soil incubation. The three metabolites hydroxyatrazine, desisopropylatrazine, and desethylatrazine in the proportion of 17.7%, 1.3%, and 2.6%, respectively, were in the soil after 75 days. In the soil from the sugarcane-cultivated field with history of atrazine use, atrazine mineralization was 89.9% after 98 days. The same soil, amended with mature compost, showed a lag phase of eight days before rapid atrazine mineralization was observed.     

干扰素生产废水处理试验及生物相分析

采用水解酸化与生物接触氧化组合工艺对干扰素生产废水进行试验研究,并考察其处理效果,观察生物接触氧化工艺中生物相。结果表明：该组合工艺对出水COD的去除率大于90%,出水COD低于40 mg/L,且运行稳定后生物接触氧化槽中污泥浓度较低。对生物相的显微镜观察可知生物接触氧化槽中生物相种类以藻类为主。     

稻田样品中丁虫腈及其代谢产物的残留分析方法

建立了固相萃取-气相色谱法同时测定稻田环境样品中丁虫腈及其代谢产物的残留分析方法,即:稻田水样品以二氯甲烷萃取,水稻土样品以丙酮提取后再经乙酸乙酯萃取,稻株样品以乙腈提取后用CarbonNH2固相萃取小柱净化,然后均用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)检测。结果表明,稻田水中丁虫腈及其代谢产物的最低检测质量浓度均为0.01 mg·L-1,土壤和水稻植株中目标物最低检测质量含量为0.015 mg·kg-1。在该方法条件下,当添加水平为0.05～1.0 mg·L-1(或mg·kg-1)时,稻田水、土壤和水稻植株中丁虫腈及其代谢产物的平均回收率为75.1%～109.2%,变异系数为1.0%～7.9%。     

矿井瓦斯液相催化氧化制甲醇的理论初探

提出了以瓦斯气中的氧气作为氧化剂,选用适当的催化剂对瓦斯气中的甲烷进行直接催化氧化合成甲醇的研究思路。从甲烷液相催化氧化反应机理入手,围绕着矿井瓦斯部分氧化制甲醇的热力学、甲烷液相部分氧化制甲醇的研究基础、瓦斯中氮气的防爆惰化作用及构建的实验系统几个方面对矿井瓦斯液相催化氧化制甲醇的可行性进行了探讨。     

基于改进极端学习机的混沌时间序列瓦斯涌出量预测

为更准确地预测瓦斯涌出量,预防瓦斯灾害,有必要建立和应用基于改进极端学习机(IELM)的混沌时间序列预测模型。首先,对瓦斯涌出量监测数据构成的多变量时间序列进行相空间重构,采用互信息法与虚假邻点法得到每一变量的延迟时间和最佳嵌入维数;然后,通过最小二乘方法和误差反馈原理计算出最优的网络输入层到隐含层的学习参数,对极端学习机(ELM)进行改进;最后,借助IELM建立瓦斯混沌时间序列的预测模型。通过仿真试验,运用该预测模型预测的最大相对误差为3.290 2%,最小相对误差为0.898 2%,平均相对误差为1.952 8%。     

液相色谱-电喷雾质谱法测定污水和污泥中壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的参数优化

在液相色谱-电喷雾质谱法测定壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的过程中,对壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚加合离子的形成影响因素进行分析,优化了关键参数,建立了测定污水和污泥中壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的高分辨高灵敏的液相色谱-电喷雾质谱方法.流动相A为0.1mmol·l~(-1)乙酸钠缓冲液,流动相B为甲醇,各聚合度壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的加合离子响应值达到最大;锥孔电压没为60V能最大程度上避免[NPnEO+2Na]~(2+)对测定的干扰.NP1EO,NP2EO和NPnEOs(n=3-15)的仪器检出限分别为10pg,1pg和0.1pg.该方法成功用于污水和污泥中壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的测定.     

火灾中聚合物材料热解对汽油辨识的影响分析

火灾中聚合物材料的燃烧过程产生的热解产物,从而增加化学分析谱图的复杂性,对助燃剂鉴定造成干扰。针对常见的聚合物材料开展了一系列燃烧实验,对其在燃烧过程中的热解机理进行了分析,并通过汽油存在条件下的聚合物材料燃烧实验分析了热解对汽油辨识产生的干扰。     

气溶胶采样头在无人机上安装位置的模拟

利用流体力学软件CFD对固定翼无人机在海拔1000m高处以30m/s速度飞行时采样头的最佳安装位置进行了模拟.首先利用ICEM CFD前处理软件对无人机模型进行了网格划分;然后利用FLUENT软件及其中的DPM模型先后对气相(连续相)和颗粒相(离散相)分别进行了数值模拟,最后用DPM模型模拟了从速度入口方向以30m/s速度释放粒径为1,2.5,10μm的颗粒物,由颗粒物的轨迹图得到了颗粒物在机身周围的阴影区和密集区厚度.得到主要结论如下:对于本研究中的无人机,在海拔1000m高处,采集PM1,PM2.5,PM10时的气溶胶采样头的最佳安装位置为机身下部距机头距离约42~75cm,采样头探头距机身下部壁面的距离分别应大于4,4,4.3cm,但不超过26cm(机身下部距地面距离).