金属框架式气相缓蚀封套野外封存应用验证

目的 验证气相缓蚀技术在军事装备野外封存中的防护效果和勤务适应性,为军事装备野外封存防护探索解决方案.方法 利用气相缓蚀防锈包装技术原理及特点,依据部队装备露天存放或野外驻训的防护需求,设计了金属框架式气相缓蚀封套,并选择6个典型气候环境区的部队,组织了为期1 a的野外实装封存试验.结果 金属框架式气相缓蚀封套物理强度高,具有良好的环境适应性,但水蒸气透过率较大,影响了野外防护效果.结论 金属框架式气相缓蚀封套适合在在少雨、低湿度地区使用,在多雨、潮湿地区应选用阻隔性封套材料.     

Competing esterification and oligomerization reactions of typical long-chain alcohols to secondary organic aerosol formation

Organosulfate (OSA) nanoparticles,as secondary organic aerosol (SOA) compositions,are ubiquitous in urban and rural environments.Hence,we systemically investigated the mechanisms and kinetics of aqueous-phase reactions of 1-butanol/1-decanol (BOL/DOL) and their roles in the formation of OSA nanoparticles by using quantum chemical and kinetic calculations.The mechanism results show that the aqueous-phase reactions of BOL/DOL start from initial protonation at alcoholic OH-groups to form carbenium ...     

Effects of persulfate-assisted hydrothermal treatment of municipal sludge on aqueous phase characteristics and phytotoxicity

Hydrothermal technology (HT) has received much attention in recent years as a process to convert wet organic waste into hydrochar.The aqueous phase (HTAP) produced by this process is still a burden and has become a bottleneck issue for HT process development.In this study,we provide the?rst investigation of the HTAP characteristics,phytotoxicity,and their correlation with persulfate (PS)(PS,2.0 mmol/g TS)-assisted municipal sludge HT.The results showed that PS accelerated the hydrolysis of prote...     

Determination of haloacetic acids in hospital effuent after chlorination by ion chromatography

The ion chromatography combined solid phase extraction (SPE) method was developed for the analysis of low concentration haloacetic acids (HAAs), a class of disinfection by-products formed from chlorination of hospital wastewater. The monitored HAAs included monochloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, dibromoacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid. The method employed a sodium hydroxide eluent at a flow rate of 0.8 mlmin, electrolytically generated gradients, and suppressed conductivity detection. To analyze the HAAs in real hospital wastewater samples, C18 pretreatment cartridge was utilized to reduce samples' turbidity. Preconcentration with SPE and matrix elimination with treatment cartridges were investigated and found to be able to obtain acceptable detection limits. Linearity, repeatability and detection limits of the above method were evaluated. The detection limits of monobromoacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid were 2.61 μgL and 1.30 μgL, respectively, and the other three acids are ranging from 0.48 to 0.82 μgL under 25-fold preconcentration. When the above optimization procedure was applied to three hospital wastewater samples with different treatment processes in Tianjin, it was found that the dichloroacetic acid was the major compound, and the growth ratios of the HAAs after disinfection by sodium hypochlorite were 91.28%, 63.61% and 79.50%, respectively.     

微米级空心玻璃微珠三相泡沫稳定性研究

基于水成膜泡沫灭火剂(AFFF),用微米级空心微珠颗粒作为泡沫稳定剂,制成三相泡沫,并研究了泡沫组成因素对发泡能力和泡沫稳定性的影响。采用控制变量法,研究了颗粒浓度、颗粒粒径、AFFF原液浓度对发泡倍数和析液时间的影响。颗粒加入对发泡能力有抑制作用;因为颗粒存在影响,三相泡沫的发泡能力随AFFF原液浓度增大而减小;40μm粒径颗粒的抑制作用相对20μm和60μm颗粒最小。颗粒浓度和AFFF原液浓度增加,能够提升三相泡沫稳定性,且泡沫析液时间随颗粒浓度增加呈指数规律变化。当AFFF原液浓度为3.0%、颗粒浓度为9%左右时,三相泡沫稳定时间约为两相泡沫的3倍,该配方三相泡沫有较好的稳定性。     

Application of compost of two-phase olive mill waste on olive grove: Effects on soil,olive fruit and olive oil quality

Composting is a method for preparing organic fertilizers that represents a suitable management option for the recycling of two-phase olive mill waste (TPOMW) in agriculture. Four different composts were prepared by mixing TPOMW with different agro-industrial by-products (olive pruning, sheep manure and horse manure), which were used either as bulking agents or as N sources. The mature composts were added during six consecutive years to a typical “Picual” olive tree grove in the Jaén province (Spain). The effects of compost addition on soil characteristics, crop yield and nutritional status and also the quality of the olive oil were evaluated at the end of the experiment and compared to a control treated only with mineral fertilization. The most important effects on soil characteristics included a significant increase in the availability of N, P, K and an increase of soil organic matter content. The application of TPOMW compost produced a significant increase in olive oil content in the fruit. The compost amended plots had a 15% higher olive oil content than those treatment with inorganic fertilization. These organics amendments maintained the composition and quality of the olive oil.     

Rapid multiresidue determination for currently used pesticides in agricultural drainage waters and soils using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

An efficient and sensitive method for simultaneous determination of 38 pesticides in agricultural drainage waters and soils has been developed and validated. Water samples were extracted using solid-phase extraction with C18 cartridges while solid samples (suspended particle matter and soil) were extracted by using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) extraction method. The target pesticides were analyzed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with electron impact ionization. The proposed method allowed a simultaneous determination and confirmation of a large number of pesticides in agricultural drainage waters, suspended particle matters and soils/sediments with a good reproducibility and low detection limits. The developed method was applied to a survey of pesticides in a vegetable growing area of Guangzhou, China. The pesticides commonly found in the area were butachlor, carbofuran, dichlorvos, fipronil, isocarbophos and pyridaben.     

Elemental and spectroscopic characterization of fractions of an acidic extract of oil sands process water

‘Naphthenic acids’ (NAs) in petroleum produced water and oil sands process water (OSPW), have been implicated in toxicological effects. However, many are not well characterized. A method for fractionation of NAs of an OSPW was used herein and a multi-method characterization of the fractions conducted.     

用四-(对氨基苯基)-卟啉柱前衍生的高效液相色谱法测定重金属

研究了用固相萃取富集、快速分离柱高效液相色谱法测定环境水样中镍、锡、铅、镉、汞5种重金属的方法。环境水样中的镍、锡、铅、镉、汞用四-(对氨基苯基)-卟啉(T4APP)柱前衍生,然后用ZORBAX RP18固相萃取小柱萃取富集镍、锡、铅、镉、汞的T4APP络合物,经富集后的络合物用甲醇-丙酮(体积比95∶5)为流动相,ZORBAX Stab le Bound(4.6 mm×50 mm,1.8μm)快速分离柱为固定相分离,用二极管矩阵检测器检测。镍、锡、铅、镉、汞的检测限分别为4,5,4,3,3 ng/L,分离5种重金属元素络合物的时间只需2.0 m in,相对标准偏差为2.2%~4.1%,加标回收率为88%~104%。用该法测定环境水样中的痕量镍、锡、铅、镉、汞,结果令人满意。     

添加剂PEG对共混超滤膜结构和性能的影响

以不同分子量聚乙二醇 (PEG)作为PSf/A共混超滤膜的添加剂 ,测定所制备膜的水通量、截留率 .结果表明 ,膜的水通量随PEG分子量的变化呈现非线性关系 .当PEG分子量为4000时 ,水通量达到最大值115.2mL·(cm²·h)^-1,是不加PEG时的6倍 .通过超滤实验结果以及膜结构的电镜照片的观察 ,研究了PSf/A共混超滤膜体系中PEG作用的规律 .PEG分子量的增加改变了PSf/A铸膜液体系的相平衡关系 ,使铸膜液成为热力学不稳定体系 ,加速了相分离的发生 ;另外 ,PEG分子量的增加提高了铸膜液的粘度 ,引起相分离的延迟,这2种作用影响了膜的最终结构和性能.