NAPLs污染物指进锋面形态的指间距离预测

选取4种不同性质的NAPLs(非水相流体)污染物,分别应用分形维数方法和毛细压力函数方法对NAPLs迁移过程中有效界面张力和指进过程中指间距离的大小进行预测,同时建立二维可视化砂箱模型,模拟污染物在多孔介质中的非稳态指进迁移过程,获得指进迁移形态影像75幅. 结果表明,与试验观测值比较,对于相同迁移过程中的指间距离,毛细压力函数方法预测误差绝对值介于1%~93%,分形维数方法预测误差绝对值介于2%~25%,分形维数方法的预测误差小于毛细压力函数方法. 毛细压力函数方法对指间距离的预测随着NAPLs密度的增加而增大,对DNAPLs(重非水相流体)的预测误差明显增加,更适用于预测密度与水的密度相差不大的物质;分形维数方法的预测值与观测值呈显著线性相关(R2=0.957),相比于传统毛细压力函数方法,分形维数方法对指间距离的预测更准确,更适合用来预测不同密度NAPLs污染物的指进距离参数.      

SPE-RRLC-MS/MS法测定制药废水中青霉素G

建立了利用固相萃取-高分离度快速液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE-RRLC-MS/MS)测定制药废水中青霉素G残留的方法。水样以30%硫酸锌+20%亚铁氰化钾作为沉淀剂沉淀蛋白质后,上清液采用Oasis HLB固相萃取柱富集和净化,以0.01 mol/L乙酸铵溶液(加0.1%甲酸)+乙腈作为流动相进行等度洗脱,经Agilent Plus C18柱分离后,在串联质谱ESI(+)源下进行MRM检测。该方法的青霉素G检出限(S/N=3)为0.02μg/L,目标物在0.0020～1.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数为0.9997。在0.20,1.0,2.0μg/L添加水平平均回收率为74.6%～101.4%,相对标准偏差为4.49%～8.17%。该方法灵敏度高、重现性好、定性定量准确,可满足制药废水中青霉素G残留检测的要求。     

Determination of pentachlorophenol in human urine using solid phase extraction and GC‐MS analysis with stable isotope dilution

A method for the determination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in human urine was developed. Urine samples were fortified with ¹³C₆‐IabeIed PCP and hydrolyzed with sulfuric acid prior to extraction. The urine samples were then passed through preconditioned solid phase extraction cartridges containing octadecylsilane adsorbent. The PCP was subsequently eluted from the cartridge with ethyl acetate and converted to pentachloroanisole prior to GC‐MS analysis. GC‐MS quantitation was performed using the technique of stable isotope dilution. Percent recoveries averaging 100, 97, and 111% were obtained for replicate urine samples fortified with approximately 2, 20, and 200 ng/mL of PCP, respectively. The method detection limit was estimated to be 0.2 ng/mL.     

Online solid phase preconcentration using EGDMA–MAA copolymer for lead determination by FAAS

A Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) methacrylic acid (MAA) resin was used for preconcentration of lead at trace levels in water samples. For this purpose, a flow-injection, solid phase extraction method was developed for the determination of lead by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Lead ions were sorbed on a EGDMA–MAA column at pH 4, followed by an elution step using 288 µL of 4.0 M nitric acid solution and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Optimum conditions for quantitative sorption involving the pH, sample volume, loading and elution flow rates, eluent type, and volume were investigated. A 868-fold enrichment factor could be reached. The detection limit for the water samples, estimated from the noise on the signal obtained for 250 mL of 10 µg L^?1 loaded at 4.9 mL min^?1 was 1.04 µg L^?1. The method was applied for lead determination in river water samples collected in Edirne, Turkey. Recoveries of spiked solutions (10 µg L^?1) to river water samples were quantitative. Finally, the method was validated by the analysis of certified reference material SRM 2704 (Buffalo River Sediment).     

皮革废水对ABR分区进水微生物相的影响研究

在制革废水ρ(COD)=3 000～3 200 mg/L,HRT=24 h时,采用六格室厌氧折流板反应器(ABR),在1、3、5格室以5∶3∶2的比例进水,通过COD、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)、辅酶F420等指标的变化研究反应器各格室的微生物相分布情况。结果表明:COD和VFA在3,5格室分别出现下降和升高,整体性能稳定,而格室内微生物种群大致相同但优势菌群有所差异,前端格室以产酸菌为主,后端格室以甲烷菌为主。     

水中痕量阿特拉津的测定方法研究

采用固相萃取与高效液相色谱结合的方法测定了水样中痕量阿特拉津的含量,研究了最佳固相萃取条件:选择洗脱液为乙腈,过样流速为5.0 mL/min。最佳的色谱条件:流动相为乙腈和水,温度为25℃,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为222 nm。阿特拉津质量浓度在0.05～5 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,回归方程y=219.71x+2.2343,回收率平均值为98.46%,将该方法应用于实际环境水样的分析测定,操作简单,结果准确。     

袋式除尘器稀相气力输灰技术研究

介绍了袋式除尘器稀相气力输灰技术,并对其相关试验系统进行了描述,分析了各阻力系数与料气比之间的关系,给出了各阻力系数的取值范围,供工程设计人员参考。     

Solid phase extraction of Cu (II), Ni (II), Co (II), and Fe (III) ions in water samples using salicylaldehyde benzoylhydrazone on Amberlite XAD-4 and their determinations by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

A multi element preconcentration procedure for solid phase extraction on Amberlite XAD-4 as their salicylaldehyde benzoylhydrazone chelates and flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of some trace metal ions in water samples are proposed in this work. The influences of some analytical parameters, including pH of aqueous solution, amounts of reagent, flow rates of sample and eluent solutions, and sample volume on the quantitative recoveries of copper, nickel, cobalt, and iron were investigated. The effects of concomitant ions on the retentions of the analytes were also examined. The developed method has been successfully applied to the determination of metal ions in some real samples, including, tap water, river water, spring water, and waste water.     

2种BDPs固相反硝化的脱氮效果对比

利用批量和连续流填充床试验对比了2种BDPs(可生物降解聚合物)——PBS(聚丁二酸丁二醇酯)和PCL(聚ε-己内酯)的反硝化效果. 批量试验结果表明,在脱氮稳定阶段,B1(PCL)和B2(PBS)对TN的平均去除率和反硝化速率分别为97.4%、67.0%和7.5、1.8 mg/(L·h),B2均明显优于B1. 连续流试验中,在进水ρ(NO₃--N)为16.8～18.8 mg/L、HRT(水力停留时间)为4.0 h的条件下,L1(PCL填充床)的反硝化速率大于L2(PBS填充床). 但是随着HRT的减小,L1呈现出比L2更快的反硝化速率. L2和L1分别在HRT为2.0和1.5 h时获得最大反硝化速率,分别为7.7和9.3 mg/(L·h). ESEM(环境扫描电子显微镜)观察结果表明,生物膜剥离后,PCL和PBS颗粒表面均出现大量的坑洞,并且PCL颗粒表面坑洞的密集程度远大于PBS. 三维荧光光谱(3D-EEM)分析结果表明,L2和L1出水中的溶解性有机物主要为类色氨酸这类简单的蛋白质和SMP(溶解性微生物代谢产物),并且L1水中SMP的荧光峰强度明显高于L2.      

营养条件对微藻碳、氮稳定同位素组成的影响

以5种微藻(甲藻3种,硅藻、绿藻各1种)为试验材料,探讨了不同营养条件对微藻不同生长阶段碳氮稳定同位素组成的影响.结果表明,不同纲微藻的d13C值和d15N值在稳定生长期高于指数生长期,且与生长速率没有相关性(P>0.05).硅藻的d13C值低于甲藻和绿藻,绿藻和甲藻的d13C值比较相近;甲藻的d15N值低于硅藻和绿藻,绿藻和硅藻的d15N值比较相近,且同属甲藻纲的海洋原甲藻、塔玛亚历山大藻和强壮前沟藻的d15N值有较大的差异. 5种微藻在不同营养条件(营养盐充足、缺氮、缺磷)下培养,氮限制和磷限制导致微藻具有更正的d13C和d15N,磷限制的影响不明显,且弱于氮抑制.