持久性有机污染物在环境中相的划分及相平衡的泛逸度模型设想

鉴于持久性有机物在环境中的结合和承载机制,作者认为,对于持久性有机物,环境可以抽象为气相、水相、有机碳相和脂相等四个均质、同结合作用的环境相,为描述持久性有机物在环境相间的平衡分配行为,引入了“泛逸度”的概念,建立了环境相间相平衡酌泛逸度模型,并以DDT为例尝试了模型的应用。     

超快速液相色谱-串联质谱法测定制药废水中阿维菌素的研究

建立了采用固相萃取-超快速液相色谱-串联质谱（SPE-RRLC-MS/MS）测定制药废水中阿维菌素残留的方法.水样经离心、沉淀蛋白质后,上清液采用HLB固相萃取柱富集和净化;以0.1%甲酸水溶液和50%～90%甲醇为流动相,采用AgilentPlusC18柱进行RRLC分离,在串联质谱ESI（＋）模式下采用多反应监测模...     

Estrogen-related receptor disruption of source water and drinking water treatment processes extracts

Environmental chemicals in drinking water can impact human health through nuclear receptors. Additionally, estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) are vulnerable to endocrine-disrupting e ects. To date, however, ERR disruption of drinking water potency has not been reported. We used ERR two-hybrid yeast assay to screen ERR disrupting activities in a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) located in north China and in source water from a reservoir, focusing on agonistic, antagonistic, and inverse agonistic activity to 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT). Water treatment processes in the DWTP consisted of pre-chlorination, coagulation, coal and sand filtration, activated carbon filtration, and secondary chlorination processes. Samples were extracted by solid phase extraction. Results showed that ERR antagonistic activities were found in all sample extracts, but agonistic and inverse agonistic activity to 4-OHT was not found. When calibrated with the toxic equivalent of 4-OHT, antagonistic e uent e ects ranged from 3.4 to 33.1 g/L. In the treatment processes, secondary chlorination was e ective in removing ERR antagonists, but the coagulation process led to significantly increased ERR antagonistic activity. The drinking water treatment processes removed 73.5% of ERR antagonists. To our knowledge, the occurrence of ERR disruption activities on source and drinking water in vitro had not been reported previously. It is vital, therefore, to increase our understanding of ERR disrupting activities in drinking water.     

铬掺杂TiO2液相沉积膜可见光下降解甲基橙研究

实验用液相沉积法制备铬掺杂改性的二氧化钛(Cr-TiO2)薄膜电极,并在可见光下利用制备的电极对甲基橙溶液(MO)进行光电降解实验研究.并对制备的薄膜进行光电流(I-t)、交流阻抗(EIS)和Mott-Schottky等电化学相关表征.当掺杂浓度为0.2％时,薄膜电极具有最好的光电催化活性.在以0.2％ Cr-TiO2...     

厌氧型生物反应器产CH4期水解动力学模型研究

为研究渗滤液回灌和温度对填埋垃圾产CH4的影响,在不同温度下,通过对3个已进入产CH4期的厌氧型生物反应器实施不同的回灌操作,并根据p(CODCr)和产CH4速率的监测数据,建立了厌氧型生物反应器固相垃圾的水解模型.产CH4速率的模型计算的模拟值与D1,D2和D3柱实测值的相关系数分别为0.895 5,0.809 1和0.915 6,具有较高的可靠性.其中保持较高的产CH4速率且恒定温度的D2柱的固相垃圾水解系数是D1柱的12倍左右;同时随着回灌频率的降低,D3柱水解速率系数从0.007 6降到0.002 7,与D1柱的相对差也逐渐增大,保持较高的温度(35℃左右)和较高回灌频率有利于固相垃圾的水解和厌氧型生物反应器的快速稳定.     

沈阳卫工河水中多环芳烃的分布、来源及生态风险初步评价

卫工河水中6月(夏季)16种多环芳烃的含量为0.244～2.038μg·L-1,平均为0.768μg·L-1;9月(秋季)水中总多环芳烃(TPAHs)含量为0.503～0.989μg·L-1,平均0.761μg·L-1;11月(冬季)多环芳烃的含量为0.229～0.427μg·L-1,平均含量为0.346μg·L-1。个别地点苯并(a)芘含量明显高于国家地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002);对卫工河水中多环芳烃污染来源分析发现,多环芳烃的主要来源燃烧来源;通过商值法对卫工河的初步风险评价表明,卫工河水中苯并(a)芘存在较大的生态风险,应引起有关部门的进一步关注。     

两相厌氧工艺的研究现状及其应用

两相厌氧工艺因产酸相和产甲烷相的分离而具有一系列的特点和优势。在此对两相厌氧系统进行了分析,阐述了它的理论依据和运行机理．着重剖析了两相厌氧工艺的影响因素、工艺特点和适用范围,并对其发展和实际应用现状进行了论述。表明此工艺的先进性和适用性。     

The dissolution of benzene, toluene, m-xylene and naphthalene from a residually trapped non-aqueous phase liquid under mass transfer limited conditions

The results of dissolution experiments for benzene, toluene, m-xylene and naphthalene (BTXN) from a relatively insoluble oil phase (tridecane), residually trapped in a non-sorbing porous medium, are described. This mixture was chosen to simulate dissolution of soluble aromatic compounds from a petroleum hydrocarbon mixture, e.g., crude oil, for which a large fraction of the mixture is relatively insoluble. The experiments were carried out at a small source length to interstitial velocity ratio, L/v, so that dissolution would be mass transfer limited (MTL). When fitted to data for toluene, a multiregion mass transfer model was found to predict the experimental data satisfactorily for the other components without adjustment of the mass transfer rate parameters. These results indicate that the dissolution process can be generalized for various hydrophobic organic compounds present in a multicomponent non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) when mass transfer limitations are present. This also suggests that dissolution data obtained for one compound can be useful for predicting the dissolution histories for other compounds from petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures.     

全期表达外源基因的重组杆状病毒

构建了含早期、晚期、极晚期启动子、全期表达ＨＢｓＡｇ 基因的重组杆状病毒ｖＴｎＮＰＶＰ３５ＨＢｓＯＣＣ＋ ．结果ＨＢｓＡｇ 表达时间由感染后１２ ｈ 提前到４ ｈ,而其表达量,特别是病毒感染早期的表达水平亦显著提高,其中２４ ｈ 和９６ ｈ 的表达量分别比对照提高１８０ ％ 和６０ ％ ． 转录起始位点分析结果显示,该重组毒株可在病毒感染的早、晚期形成多个转录本     

长江南京段水体中7种苯胺类化合物的检测方法及生态风险评价

应用固相萃取结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱法,建立了同时测定环境水样中7种苯胺类化合物的检测方法.实验表明,以ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 (3.5μm,2.1×150mm)色谱柱为分离柱,乙腈-水(2mmol/L甲酸铵)为梯度洗脱的流动相,在电喷雾质谱正离子模式下,7min内可以分离目标化合物;在1~200μg/L浓度范围内,7种苯胺类化合物的峰面积与质量浓度的线性关系良好;添加水平分别为0.8、4.0、20.0mg/L时,目标化合物的平均回收率分别为68.5%~102.2%、71.4%~89.4%、62.0%~78.3%,相对标准偏差均小于6.9%;利用本方法对长江南京段平水期(2014.4)、丰水期(2014.8)和枯水期(2014.12)的14个采样点的环境水样进行检测,检出4-硝基苯胺、2,6-二乙基苯胺、3,4-二氯苯胺和4-异丙基苯胺4种苯胺类化合物,且4-硝基苯胺在3个时期14个采样点均能检出;风险商值法评估长江南京段水体中4-硝基苯胺的生态风险为低生态风险.