有机酸、碱类污染物分配系数的测定及相关性研究

用反相高效液相色谱(RHPLC)法及振荡法测定了42种环境中常见的有机酸、碱类污染物的分配系数,两种方法的测定值与文献值吻合较好,但RHPLC法快速、准确、样品用量少、测定范围宽、且对样品纯度要求低.测定了苯酚类化合物在环己烷/水、四氯化碳/水、氯仿/水、和苯/水体系中的分配系数,并建立了这四种体系与正辛醇/水体系分配系数的相关方程.     

水中几种有机污染物的SPE-HPLC联用测定技术

酚类及硝基苯是水中一类重要的优先控制污染物。通过对固相萃取 (SPE)技术与高效液相色谱 (HPLC)联用技术的研究 ,得出对于含酚类及硝基苯的水样采用 2 0 0mg的键合硅胶C1 8柱在水样pH值为 3 .0和过柱水样为 40mL时可得到较好的萃取及测定结果 ,从而提出一种对水中酚类物质及硝基苯测定具有灵敏度高、准确性好的分析方法。     

三种海洋微藻生长期脂肪酸组成研究

球等鞭金藻、盐藻和小球藻脂肪酸组成气相色谱分析的结果表明 ,三种海洋微藻在指数生长期总多不饱和脂肪酸含量 (TPUFA)明显比稳定生长期高 ,而总饱和脂肪酸含量 (TSFA)在指数生长期间相对较低。球等鞭金藻的DHA ,小球藻的EPA和盐藻的C18∶3均在培养后的第 6d均达最大值。     

Aerosol optical properties derived from simultaneous sunphotometer and aureolemeter measurements in Lhasa

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TCE/PCE的DNAPL污染及零价铁墙防治技术

介绍了一种国内环保领域鲜有提及的土壤及地下水中的重非水相液体污染即:DNAPL污染,并以三氯乙烯(TCE)和四氯乙烯(PCE)为例阐述了其产生来源、危害及污染行为.针对DNAPL污染,详细论述了零价铁墙防治原理、降解途径及其主要的影响因素.     

Pesticides in rain

40 rainwater samples were collected in Hannover and near Peine (Lower Saxony, Germany) in 1992 using a wet-only collector. The samples were extracted by solid phase extraction and analyzed by GC/MS for 59 pesticides. 11 pesticides were found in more than 10 samples. The highest concentrations were observed for terbuthylazine (0.003 – 0.52 μg/L ), metolachlor (0.003 – 0.51 pg/L, mean: 0.10 μg/L), metalaxyl (0.006 – 0.48 μg/L, mean: 0.10 pg/L) and chlorothalonil (0.003 – 1.1 μg/L, mean: 0.16 μg/L). The concentrations show a seasonal dependence reflecting the application periods.     

低浓度硫化氢废气的液相催化氧化法净化实验研究

针对H2S浓度为750～1500 mg/m^3的气体的液相催化氧化技术进行了动力学实验研究.配制了以铁基离子作为主催化剂的复合吸收净化溶液,同时加入稳定剂和表面活性剂提高催化剂在碱性吸收溶液的活性.分别考察了原料气中H2S、O2含量以及吸收液中催化剂离子浓度、温度等因素对吸收速率的影响;确定了较为理想的吸收操作条件并获得了较好的吸收净化效果;饱和吸收液易于再生,净化性能恢复良好,可重复使用.     

Toxicity tests with luminescent photobacteria and quantitative structure activity relationships for nitroparaffins

EC₅₀ values of different nitroparaffins were determined by a photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity test. Octanol/water partition coefficients were determined by a reversed phase HPLC method. From these experimental data quantitative structure activity relationships were deduced which point to a dependence of toxicity on a “form factor” that includes the number of methyl and methylene groups in a molecule. The hypothesis will be formulated that the specific effects depend on the number of methylgroups and an equation for specific effects is given.     

The effect of entrapped nonaqueous phase liquids on tracer transport in heterogeneous porous media: laboratory experiments at the intermediate scale

This work considers the applicability of conservative tracers for detecting high-saturation nonaqueous-phase liquid (NAPL) entrapment in heterogeneous systems. For this purpose, a series of experiments and simulations was performed using a two-dimensional heterogeneous system (10x1.2 m), which represents an intermediate scale between laboratory and field scales. Tracer tests performed prior to injecting the NAPL provide the baseline response of the heterogeneous porous medium. Two NAPL spill experiments were performed and the entrapped-NAPL saturation distribution measured in detail using a gamma-ray attenuation system. Tracer tests following each of the NAPL spills produced breakthrough curves (BTCs) reflecting the impact of entrapped NAPL on conservative transport. To evaluate significance, the impact of NAPL entrapment on the conservative-tracer breakthrough curves was compared to simulated breakthrough curve variability for different realizations of the heterogeneous distribution. Analysis of the results reveals that the NAPL entrapment has a significant impact on the temporal moments of conservative-tracer breakthrough curves.     

新型内构件内循环三相流化床流体力学和氧传质特性的研究

对一种导流筒内置静态混合元件的改进型内循环三相流化床 (MITFB)的流体力学和氧传质特性进行了试验研究。结果表明 :相对于普通流化床 (CITFB) ,MITFB上升区气体含率增大 1 8— 3 7倍 ,体积氧转移系数KLa和氧转移效率EA 值平均增大 72 5 % ;而液体循环流量则减小了 2 5 6 %— 37 0 %。上升区气含率和液体循环流速可分别用Fan公式和Chisti公式预测 ,并求出了相应的参数