冰相中双氧水体系罗丹明B的光解机理

研究了模拟太阳光作用下冰相中双氧水体系罗丹明B(RhB)光转化规律,考察了光照时间、温度、RhB初始浓度、pH值和双氧水剂量对RhB光解的影响.对照冰相与水相中RhB在双氧水体系中的光解效果,发现冰相中RhB的去除率远远低于水相,说明冰相中晶格的笼子效应限制了RhB与H2O2之间的反应.同时,研究了外加3种无机阴离子(还原性Cl-、氧化性SO42-和S2O82-)对冰相中RhB降解的影响,结果表明,3种离子都能促进冰相中双氧水体系RhB的光解,其中S2O82-能显著提高RhB的去除率.S2O82-和Cl-加入剂量越高,RhB去除率越高,而SO42-加入剂量增加会阻碍RhB的光解.依据研究结果,推测了冰相中RhB在双氧水体系中的光解历程与机理,为深入了解冰相中污染物自由基降解规律提供依据.     

Using Ecological Function to Develop Recovery Criteria for Depleted Species: Sea Otters and Kelp Forests in the Aleutian Archipelago

Abstract: Recovery criteria for depleted species or populations normally are based on demographic measures, the goal being to maintain enough individuals over a sufficiently large area to assure a socially tolerable risk of future extinction. Such demographically based recovery criteria may be insufficient to restore the functional roles of strongly interacting species. We explored the idea of developing a recovery criterion for sea otters (Enhydra lutris) in the Aleutian archipelago on the basis of their keystone role in kelp forest ecosystems. We surveyed sea otters and rocky reef habitats at 34 island‐time combinations. The system nearly always existed in either a kelp‐dominated or deforested phase state, which was predictable from sea otter density. We used a resampling analysis of these data to show that the phase state at any particular island can be determined at 95% probability of correct classification with information from as few as six sites. When sea otter population status (and thus the phase state of the kelp forest) was allowed to vary randomly among islands, just 15 islands had to be sampled to estimate the true proportion that were kelp dominated (within 10%) with 90% confidence. We conclude that kelp forest phase state is a more appropriate, sensitive, and cost‐effective measure of sea otter recovery than the more traditional demographically based metrics, and we suggest that similar approaches have broad potential utility in establishing recovery criteria for depleted populations of other functionally important species.     

相变换热器技术在锅炉上的应用

总结了相变换热器技术在荆门石化CFB锅炉上的应用情况。相变换热器技术利用相变传热的原理将被加热介质(如空气、水)的温度适当地提高,被预热的介质可以保证换热器的安全,它使排烟温度和换热器壁温保持相对稳定,处于较高的温度水平,远离酸露点的腐蚀区域。改造后锅炉排烟温度可降至较低的温度,既防止低温腐蚀,又可实现低温热利用。     

服役态Super304H耐热钢管显微组织演变及高温力学性能研究

目的 探究服役Super304H钢管外壁粗晶组织演变及其对高温力学性能的影响,为超超临界机组运行管理与安全评估提供技术支持。方法 针对不同服役时间的Super304H耐热钢管,开展显微组织演变及650 ℃高温拉伸力学性能研究,着重探讨钢管外壁奥氏体晶粒异常长大、第二相析出长大及其对钢管高温力学性能的影响规律。结果 服役态Super304H钢管中的第二相以富铜相、MX相及M23C6相为主,其外壁奥氏体晶粒异常长大,形成粗晶区,而靠近内壁钢管中的奥氏体晶粒长大不明显,为细晶区。相对于细晶区,粗晶区奥氏体晶界及晶内析出更多的第二相,尺寸更大,弥散度降低,导致粗晶区高温拉伸性能显著降低。结论 长期高温运行的Super304H耐热钢管应加强监督,消除因外壁奥氏体晶粒异常长大而带来的胀管等安全隐患。     

淮河流域洪涝变化的混沌特征

从功率谱结构,Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ指数,吸收子维数和可预报时间等方面分析了淮河流域洪涝变化的混沌性质,研究表明淮河流域洪涝变化是一类混沌变化序列,洪涝系统是一类混沌为动力系统,系统时初值极端敏感,长期和不可预测,其可报预时间约为５－６年。     

低浓度硫化氢废气的液相催化氧化法净化实验研究

针对H2S浓度为750～1500 mg/m^3的气体的液相催化氧化技术进行了动力学实验研究.配制了以铁基离子作为主催化剂的复合吸收净化溶液,同时加入稳定剂和表面活性剂提高催化剂在碱性吸收溶液的活性.分别考察了原料气中H2S、O2含量以及吸收液中催化剂离子浓度、温度等因素对吸收速率的影响;确定了较为理想的吸收操作条件并获得了较好的吸收净化效果;饱和吸收液易于再生,净化性能恢复良好,可重复使用.     

TCE/PCE的DNAPL污染及零价铁墙防治技术

介绍了一种国内环保领域鲜有提及的土壤及地下水中的重非水相液体污染即:DNAPL污染,并以三氯乙烯(TCE)和四氯乙烯(PCE)为例阐述了其产生来源、危害及污染行为.针对DNAPL污染,详细论述了零价铁墙防治原理、降解途径及其主要的影响因素.     

Pesticides in rain

40 rainwater samples were collected in Hannover and near Peine (Lower Saxony, Germany) in 1992 using a wet-only collector. The samples were extracted by solid phase extraction and analyzed by GC/MS for 59 pesticides. 11 pesticides were found in more than 10 samples. The highest concentrations were observed for terbuthylazine (0.003 – 0.52 μg/L ), metolachlor (0.003 – 0.51 pg/L, mean: 0.10 μg/L), metalaxyl (0.006 – 0.48 μg/L, mean: 0.10 pg/L) and chlorothalonil (0.003 – 1.1 μg/L, mean: 0.16 μg/L). The concentrations show a seasonal dependence reflecting the application periods.     

Toxicity tests with luminescent photobacteria and quantitative structure activity relationships for nitroparaffins

EC₅₀ values of different nitroparaffins were determined by a photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity test. Octanol/water partition coefficients were determined by a reversed phase HPLC method. From these experimental data quantitative structure activity relationships were deduced which point to a dependence of toxicity on a “form factor” that includes the number of methyl and methylene groups in a molecule. The hypothesis will be formulated that the specific effects depend on the number of methylgroups and an equation for specific effects is given.     

基于结构函数理论的微通道冷板热阻研究

目的寻找微通道冷板热阻与沸腾程度的关系。方法在结构函数的理论基础上,使用T3Ster对微通道冷板进行测量,从实验系统热路的微分结构函数中分离出微通道冷板的一维热阻。结果单相流动时冷板的一维热阻与热流密度之间不存在明显的关联。结论两相流动时冷板的一维热阻总体上随着微通道内沸腾的加剧而呈现出波动下降的趋势。