黑藻吸附Cu2+机制研究

生物吸附法是一种经济有效的去除废水中有害重金属离子的方法.以黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)干样为生物吸附材料,研究了黑藻对水体中Cu<'2+>等温吸附的基本特征,并通过测定吸附前后溶液离子浓度变化以及pH值、基团屏蔽对Cu<'2+>吸附的影响,结合红外光谱技术,从静电吸附作用、离子交换作用、基团作用...     

Effect of platinum on the photocatalytic degradation of chlorinated organic compound

TiO2 nanoparticles, doped with di erent Pt contents, were prepared by a modified photodeposition method using Degussa P-25 TiO2, H2PtCl6 6H2O and methanol as the solvents. The physicochemical properties of Pt/TiO2 were investigated by the nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm measurement technique, X-ray di raction analysis and photoluminescence spectra, respectively. Reaction rates from photocatalytic removal of dichloromethane over Degussa P-25 TiO2 and Pt/TiO2 were evaluated. The average diameter and BET surface area of the TiO2 catalyst particles were 300 nm and 50 m2/g, respectively. The degradation e ciency was 99.0%, 82.7%, 55.2%, and 57.9% with TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. And the degradation e ciency was 99.3%, 79.7%, 76.5%, and 73.4% with a 0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 at inlet concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm, respectively. In addition, we found that the photoluminescence emission peak intensities decreased with increases in the doping amount of Pt, which indicates that the irradiative recombination was weakened. Furthermore, the results showed that the UV/0.005 wt.% Pt/TiO2 process was capable of e ciently decomposing gaseous DCM in air.     

偶氮染料分子结构对其生物脱色影响的研究进展

偶氮染料是工业中染料用量最大的一类,不同的分子结构对其微生物脱色性能具有一定的影响作用。文章综述了偶氮染料分子结构中的取代基种类及其取代位置对染料的脱色规律,以及分子特征结构对微生物脱色的量化分析。对目前染料生物脱色规律研究中存在的问题进行了分析,提出相应的对策措施。     

水华蓝藻生物质对Cu~(2+)的吸附动力学及吸附平衡研究

文章初步研究了水华蓝藻生物质对重金属离子Cu2+的吸附特性,包括生物吸附动力学和吸附等温线。生物吸附动力学结果表明,Cu2+的生物吸附可分为两个阶段,第一个阶段能较快地达到平衡,而之后的阶段进行缓慢。透析袋处理的蓝藻生物质在不同pH(3,4,5,6)的铜离子溶液条件下,吸附效率依次为62.4%,78.1%,71.2%,60.35%,吸附最大值为7.81 mg/g。水华蓝藻生物质对Cu2+的生物吸附平衡等温线可以用Freundlich模型精确拟合。水华蓝藻生物质在处理低浓度的含Cu2+废水方面有潜力。湖泊富营养化的优势在于产生低成本的、大量的、可收集的水华,这说明自然环境中的藻类资源如蓝藻水华生物质,可能作为商业中使用的生物吸附剂。     

ICP-AES法测定农田土壤中重金属含量

土壤样品经预处理后,采用微波溶样消解法提取农田土壤中的有效态铜、锌元素,通电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES),在最佳测定条件下利用标准曲线法,完成对土壤中有效态铜、锌元素的测定.测定方法操作简便、线性范围大,结果精密度高、准确度好,可以满足农田土壤样品中有效铜、锌元素的测定需要.     

东胜区三台基水库水质细菌的鉴定

为了初步探索环境微生物的快速测定法,提升应对微生物污染突发事件的能力,本文运用美国BD公司的细菌鉴定系统对东胜区三台基水库水质细菌进行了鉴定。结果共鉴定出6种细菌,其可信度分别为95.7、99．1、94．3、98．7、98．5、和99．2。结果表明该系统快速、准确、可靠,可以作为环境微生物分类鉴定和微生物污染突发事件应急监测的依据。     

三丁基锡生殖毒性的研究进展

有机锡化合物,特别是三丁基锡,广泛存在于环境中,对生物体以及生态环境存在着潜在的威胁。本文综述了三丁基锡对软体动物、鱼类和哺乳动物生殖机能的影响及其其可能的作用机制,指出了进一步的研究方向。     

纳米零价铁铜双金属对铬污染土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)的还原动力学

采用液相还原法制备纳米零价铁铜双金属(n ZVI/Cu),通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对其进行形貌观测和表征分析,用制备的n ZVI/Cu修复Cr(Ⅵ)污染的土壤,研究了不同反应条件对修复效果的影响,探讨了还原动力学规律.结果表明,n ZVI/Cu对土壤中的Cr(Ⅵ)有很好的降解效果,反应初始p H为7,温度为30℃时,加入2 g·L~(-1)的n ZVI/Cu材料,在10 min内Cr(Ⅵ)含量为88 mg·kg~(-1)的污染土壤中的Cr(Ⅵ)去除率可以达到99%以上.改变n ZVI/Cu加入量、p H值、反应温度以及添加腐殖酸都会对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除效果产生影响.改变p H值和反应温度对去除土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)的影响都比较明显,p H值越小,反应温度越高Cr(Ⅵ)的去除效果越好,添加腐殖酸对去除土壤中的Cr(Ⅵ)有一定的影响.n ZVI/Cu降解Cr(Ⅵ)的过程符合伪一级还原动力学模型,还原速率与反应温度的关系符合阿仑尼乌斯(Arrhenius)定律,反应活化能Ea为104.26 k J·mol~(-1).     

Reaction mechanism and metal ion transformation in photocatalytic ozonation of phenol and oxalic acid with Ag+/TiO2

Photocatalytic ozonation of phenol and oxalic acid （OA） was conducted with a Ag^＋/TiO2 catalyst and different pathways were found for the degradation of different compounds. Ag^＋ greatly promoted the photocatalytic degradation of contaminants due to its role as an electron scavenger. It also accelerated the removal rate of OA in ozonation and the simultaneous process for its complex reaction with oxalate. Phenol could be degraded both in direct ozonation and photolysis, but the TOC removal rates were much higher in the simultaneous processes due to the oxidation of hydroxyl radicals resulting from synergetic effects. The sequence of photo-illumination and ozone exposure in the combined process showed quite different effects in phenol degradation and TOC removal. The synergetic effects in different combined processes were found to be highly related to the properties of the target pollutants. The color change of the solution and TEM result confirmed that Ag＋ was easily reduced and deposited on the surface of Tit2 under photo-illumination, and dissolved again into solution in the presence of ozone. This simple cycle of enrichment and distribution of Ag^＋ can greatly benefit the design of advanced oxidation processes, in which the sequences of ozone and photo-illumination can be varied according to the needs for catalyst recycling and the different properties of pollutants.     

Effects of metal and acidic sites on the reaction by-products of butyl acetate oxidation over palladium-based catalysts

Catalytic oxidation is widely used in pollution control technology to remove volatile organic compounds. In this study, Pd/ZSM-5 catalysts with different Pd contents and acidic sites were prepared via the impregnation method. All the catalysts were characterized by means of N2 adsorption- desorption, X-ray fluorescence （XRF）, HE temperature programmed reduction （H2-TPR）, and NH3 temperature programmed desorption （NH3-TPD）. Their catalytic performance was investigated in the oxidation of butyl acetate experiments. The by-products of the reaction were collected in thermal desorption tubes and identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. It was found that the increase of Pd content slightly changed the catalytic activity of butyl acetate oxidation according to the yield of CO2 achieved at 90%, but decreased the cracking by-products, whereas the enhancement of strong acidity over Pd-based catalysts enriched the by-product species. The butyl acetate oxidation process involves a series of reaction steps including protolysis, dehydrogenation, dehydration, cracking, and isomerization. Generally, butyl acetate was cracked to acetic acid and 2- methylpropene and the latter was an intermediate of the other by-products, and the oxidation routes of typical by-products were proposed. Trace amounts of 3-methylpentane, hexane, 2-methylpentane, pentane, and 2-methylbutane originated from iso4merization and protolysis reactions.