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31.
不同粒径团聚体中的不同活性有机碳对人工林土壤质量改善及碳库动态平衡有重要的作用.本研究在黄土高原地区,从南向北沿着降雨和温度降低梯度选择淳化、安塞、绥德和神木共4个地区,比较研究了人工刺槐林土壤团聚体不同的活性有机碳含量变化及其影响因素.通过湿筛法将土壤团聚体分级为粉黏粒(<0.053 mm)、微团聚体(0.25~0.053 mm)和大团聚体(>0.25 mm),用Leffory法测定3种粒径土壤团聚体低、中、高活性有机碳含量.结果表明:①4个样区大团聚体(>0.25 mm)含量由南至北呈先降低后增加趋势,微团聚体(0.25~0.053 mm)含量逐渐增加,粉黏粒(<0.053 mm)含量则先增后减.②4个样区中土壤团聚体3种活性有机碳含量大小顺序为低活性 > 中活性 > 高活性,其中,粉黏粒(<0.053 mm)低活性有机碳含量为1.02~1.52 g·kg-1,中活性有机碳含量为0.53~0.91 g·kg-1,高活性有机碳含量为0.28~0.43 g·kg-1;而微团聚体(0.25~0.053 mm)低活性有机碳含量为1.02~2.02 g·kg-1,中活性有机碳含量为0.46~1.20 g·kg-1,高活性有机碳含量为0.31~0.85 g·kg-1;大团聚体(>0.25 mm)低活性有机碳含量为1.08~3.07 g·kg-1,中活性有机碳含量为0.70~1.96 g·kg-1,高活性有机碳含量为0.48~1.24 g·kg-1.③黄土高原人工刺槐林3种粒径团聚体的低、中、高活性有机碳含量主要与年均气温(MAT)、年均降雨量(MAP)、土壤SOC、TN和含水率显著相关(p<0.05),且在同一活性下,活性有机碳含量与MAT、MAP、土壤TN、SOC、含水率的相关性随着土壤团聚体粒径的增大而越显著.研究结果对理解黄土高原土壤团聚体活性有机碳含量在空间尺度上的变化特征和影响因素具有重要意义. 相似文献
32.
Fuelwood plays an important role in the rural economy of the developing countries of Asia and Africa. Optimizing energy fixation
in forest trees through high density energy plantations (HDEP), gasification of wood, and conversion of forest tree biomass,
are some of the potential areas whereby additional research and development input for efficient management of atmospheric
carbon in our energy system can be incorporated. For example, the photosynthetic efficiency of forest trees is rarely above
0.5%, which on the basis of theoretical considerations can be increased by up to 6.6%. Thus there is an ample scope to improve
the efficiency up to 1%, which amounts to doubling of the productivity of the forests.
Recent policy changes and experiences with wood-based bio-energy programmes in several countries indicate that woodfuels may
become increasingly attractive as industrial energy sources. Use of biodiesel and the formulation of a project for undertaking
13.4 million ha of Jatropha plantations in India highlight the seriousness with which the Government of India is promoting carbon neutral energy plantations.
The cost of establishment of plantations primarily for fuel production and its conversion to energy are major deterrents in
this pursuit. Some of the issues in developing countries, like low productivity on marginal lands, degraded forest lands,
and unorganized units for biomass energy conversion, result in cost escalation as compared to other energy sources. This paper
revisits the scope for raising energy plantations, a comparison of the direct and indirect mitigation potential uses of plantations
as an adaptation strategy through reforestation and afforestation projects for climate change mitigation and socio-economic
issues to make this venture feasible in developing countries. 相似文献
33.
Woodlands of the Mediterranean speciesJuniperus oxycedrus ssp.macrocarpa (maritime juniper) are both vulnerable and ecologically important. Their ecology and biological status along the SW coast
of Spain are not well known; this, the first major study of these juniper populations is a basis for future research and restoration
policies. These communities are subject to harsh conditions, the plant composition being controlled by several factors at
different scales. On a large scale, climate and soil texture play an important role in controlling the soil water availability
to plants, and in separating xerophytic from mesic communities. On a small scale, coastal physiography, and substrate composition
are related to differences in the floristic composition. Coastal plantations modify environmental conditions, such as sand
mobility and salt spray deposition, inducing important changes in plant communities. The population of maritime juniper on
this coast was estimated in ca. 25 000 individuals, of which 93.6% are concentrated in three locations. Large proportions
of young individuals were found in extensive and protected populations. Howerver, adult individuals dominated the smaller
populations located under pine plantations. This limitation of recruitment may be imposed by several factors. A male biased
ratio was detected on the southern coast of Cádiz, which I hypothesize is due to the lower cost of pollen production in a
stressful habitat. Preservation of suitable habitats, the recovery of abandoned pine plantations, and the connection between
juniper populations, seem to be important requisites for the conservation of maritime juniper in the southwestern coast of
Spain. 相似文献
34.
Summary. Many secondary plant compounds are involved in defense against both insect herbivores and pathogens. Two secondary plant
compounds of Plantago lanceolata, the iridoid glycosides catalpol and its precursor aucubin, are well known for their deterrent effects on generalist and
non-adapted specialist insect herbivores. We tested the effects of these compounds on the in-vitro growth of a specialist
and generalist fungal pathogen of this host species. Two chemical forms of these iridoids were tested. The glycosides and
their aglycones, the products of enzymatic conversion by specific $/Beta$-glucosidase enzymes. The glycosides enhanced growth
of both the specialist fungus Diaporthe adunca and the generalist fungus Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans. The positive effect of these glycosides on the generalist fungus is in sharp contrast with the generally negative effects
of these glysosides on generalist insect herbivores. The aglycones of aucubin and catalpol reduced the growth of the specialist
fungus D. adunca, but, contrary to expectation, enhanced the growth of the generalist fungus F. moniliforme var. subglutinans. Effects of aucubin on D. adunca were stronger than effects of catalpol. This was true both for the growth stimulating effects of the glycosides and for the
fungitoxic effects of the aglycones. We therefore expect that the effects of these iridoids in P. lanceolata on the specialist fungus will strongly depend on the ratio between catalpol and its precursor aucubin and the chemical form
(glycoside or aglycone) in which these compounds are encountered by the fungus during growth. Our results suggest that iridoid
glycosides in P. lanceolata can be used as defense against both herbivores and pathogens, but that their effects are highly specific with respect to
the natural enemy species that is encountered.
Received 11 April 2002; accepted 9 August 2002 相似文献
35.
36.
我国桉树人工林立地土壤问题研究概况 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
我国引种桉树。虽已100多年,但研究桉树人工林土壤问题,却只有50多年的历史。这方面的研究,包括桉树人工林土壤本底调查、土壤性质与林木生长的关系、桉树人工林土壤肥力衰退防治、桉树人工林土壤管理、桉树速生丰产的土壤肥力指标、桉树人工林生态系统土壤养分和水分循环等。文章对这方面研究的概况作了简要的综述。 相似文献
37.
38.
杉木人工林不同经营模式树冠的分形特征 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9
对杉木纯林、杉木拟赤杨混交林、杉木观光木混交林的不同树种冠幅的分形维数进行计算和比较 .结果表明 :杉木观光木混交林中杉木种群冠幅分形维数 >杉木拟赤杨混交林中杉木种群冠幅分形维数 >杉木纯林冠幅分形维数 ;杉木观光木混交林中观光木种群冠幅分形维数 >杉木拟赤杨混交林中拟赤杨种群冠幅分形维数 .说明杉木混交林种间竞争小 ,而杉木种内竞争激烈 ,同时杉木同观光木之间的种间竞争小于杉木同拟赤杨之间的种间竞争 .图 4表 2参 16 相似文献
39.
茶园土壤氮素组分变化影响茶园土壤供氮能力和氮素循环.以植茶30、50和70 a的茶园土壤为研究对象,探讨不同植茶年限土壤氮素组分变化特征及其与理化性质和酶活性之间的关系.结果表明:①随着植茶年限的增加,粉粒、全磷、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性逐渐增加,砂粒、黏粒、pH、电导率、有机碳和蔗糖酶活性逐渐降低,碱性磷酸酶活性先增加后降低,土壤含水量和酸性磷酸酶活性无显著变化.②随着植茶年限的增加,酸解性铵态氮、氨基酸态氮和硝态氮含量显著增加,且茶园土壤全氮、酸解性铵态氮、未知态氮和非酸解氮含量显著高于林地.③全磷、碱性磷酸酶和脲酶是土壤氮素组分变化的主要影响因子.其中,有机氮组分与全磷、碱性磷酸酶活性具有显著相关性,无机氮组分与碱性磷酸酶活性具有显著相关性,全氮与砂粒、粉粒、全磷、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性具有极显著的相关性. 相似文献
40.
Poplar plantation has the potential to alter the water balance in semiarid Inner Mongolia 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Burkhard Wilske Nan Lu Long Wei Shiping Chen Tonggang Zha Chenfeng Liu Wenting Xu Asko Noormets Jianhui Huang Yafen Wei Jun Chen Zhiqiang Zhang Jian Ni Ge Sun Kirk Guo Steve McNulty Ranjeet John Xingguo Han Guanghui Lin Jiquan Chen 《Journal of environmental management》2009
Poplar plantation is the most dominant broadleaf forest type in northern China. Since the mid-1990s plantation was intensified to combat desertification along China's northwestern border, i.e., within Inner Mongolia (IM). This evoked much concern regarding the ecological and environmental effects on areas that naturally grow grass or shrub vegetation. To highlight potential consequences of large-scale poplar plantations on the water budget within semiarid IM, we compared the growing season water balance (evapotranspiration (ET) and precipitation (PPT)) of a 3-yr old poplar plantation (Kp3) and a natural shrubland (Ks) in the Kubuqi Desert in western IM, and a 6-yr old poplar plantation (Bp6) growing under sub-humid climate near Beijing. The results showed that, despite 33% lower PPT at Kp3, ET was 2% higher at Kp3 (228 mm) as compared with Ks (223 mm) in May–September 2006. The difference derived mainly from higher ET at the plantation during drier periods of the growing season, which also indicated that the poplars must have partly transpired groundwater. Estimated growing season ET at Bp6 was about 550 mm and more than 100% higher than at Kp3. It is estimated that increases in leaf area index and net radiation at Kp3 provide future potential for the poplars in Kubuqi to exceed the present ET and ET of the natural shrubland by 100–200%. These increases in ET are only possible through the permanent use of groundwater either directly by the trees or through increased irrigation. This may significantly change the water balance in the area (e.g., high ET at the cost of a reduction in the water table), which renders large-scale plantations a questionable tool in sustainable arid-land management. 相似文献