A protocol for the evaluation of genotoxicity in bile of carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to lake water treated with different disinfectants

A sensitive and rapid method to evaluate toxic and genotoxic properties of drinking water supplied from Lake Trasimeno (Umbria, Central Italy) was worked out analysing bile in Cyprinus carpio exposed for 20 d to lake water treated with 3 different disinfectants, sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) and peracetic acid (PAA). Fish were sacrificed at 0, 10 and 20 d in order to investigate the time course of these endpoints. An aliquot of bile samples was fractionated by adsorption on C₁₈ silica cartridges and the genotoxic potential of whole bile and of bile fractions was evaluated by the single-cell microgel-electrophoresis (comet) assay on human colonic adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2). Bile (both whole and fractionated) from specimens exposed to the three disinfectants always showed a genotoxic activity as compared to the control group. The results of this study provide evidence that all three disinfectants cause an increase in bile genotoxicity of chronically exposed fish.     

Histopathological alterations in gill,liver and kidney of common carp exposed to chlorpyrifos

Histopathological alterations in gill, liver and kidney of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, intoxicated with sub-lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos (O,O,-diethyl-O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate) pesticide (1 and 100 μg/L) for a period of 14 days were analyzed under light microscope. Gill exhibited hyperplasia and hypertrophy of gill epithelium, blood congestion, dilation of marginal channel, epithelial lifting, lamellar fusion, lamellar disorganization, lamellar aneurysm, rupture of the lamellar epithelium, rupture of pillar cells and necrosis. Alterations in hepatocytes were more pronounced, including nuclear and cellular hypertrophy, cellular atrophy, irregular contour of cells and nucleus, cytoplasmic vacuolation, cytoplasmic and nuclear degeneration, cellular rupture, pyknotic nucleus, necrosis and melanomacrophages aggregations. Histopathological lesions in kidney were cellular and nuclear hypertrophy, narrowing of tubular lumen, cytoplasmic vacuolation, hyaline droplet degeneration, nuclear degeneration, occlusion of tubular lumen, tubular regeneration, dilation of glomerular capillaries, degeneration of glomerulus and hemorrhage in Bowman's space. The most significant conclusion drawn from this study was that with the increased concentration and duration the toxicosis of chlorpyrifos would be enhanced as shown through the analysis of mean assessment value (MAV) and degree of tissue changes (DTC) also.     

氨基酚对不同生物细胞微核率影响的比较观察

氨基酚类化合物属于有毒有机化合物 ,在环境中对动物和人类造成潜在的危害。为了全面评价其遗传毒理学效应 ,采用不同的生物材料 ,不同的组织细胞 ,对 3种氨基酚类化合物进行微核试验。试验结果表明 ,3种氨基酚类化合物均能引起 3种细胞微核率的增加 ,高剂量组与对照组相比有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1 ) ,且有明显的剂量 效应关系。提示 3种氨基酚类化合物具有较强的致突变效应。     

镉对瓯江彩鲤脏器组织蛋白质的氧化损伤作用

瓯江彩鲤(Cyprinus carpio var color)是浙江省大力推广的主要稻田养鱼鱼种,重金属污染对其生态毒理效应研究具有重要意义.针对镉胁迫瓯江彩鲤蛋白质氧化损伤效应,采用静态置换法,研究了0.412～2.059 mg·L-1浓度范围内的镉对瓯江彩鲤鳃、脑和肝脏组织蛋白质的氧化损伤作用.结果表明,瓯江彩鲤鳃...     

鄱阳湖南矶山自然保护区鲤、鲫的随机扩增多态DNA分析

利用RAPD（随机扩增多态）标记分析湖内鲤、鲫群体遗传多样性，从40个随机引物中各筛选出8个引物适合鲤、鲫群体RAPD扩增。在鲤群体中，共检测出60条带，其中多态性带42条，多态位点比率为70.00%；而在鲫群体中，共检测出61条带，其中多态性带40条，多态位点比率为65.57%。用POPGENE软件分析实验数据，结果显示：湖内鲤群体的遗传多样性水平(He=0.230 1，H0=0.391 0)和鲫群体的遗传多样性水平(He=0.218 6，H0=0.375 8)都较高，都有较大的遗传变异。而在鲤、鲫群体内，雌性群体与雄性群体相比较，其各自的遗传多样性很接近。     

云南鲤属鱼类及种质资源保存

云南野生鲤鱼种类为全国之冠。过去在渔业生产中,它们的产量曾占一定比重;现在种群数量普遍减少,亟待保护。文中讨论了种质资源保存的意义和应采取的措施。     

水体铜对黄河鲤Na+-K+-ATP酶活性的影响

为了研究不同浓度的水体铜对黄河鲤Na -K -ATP酶活性的影响,采用ρ(Cu2 )为0.01,0.05,0.10,0.30,0.50,0.70和1.00 mg/L的试验液分别刺激黄河鲤1,3,5和7 d后,测定黄河鲤鳃组织、肝胰脏和肾组织Na -K -ATP酶活性.结果表明:Cu2 对黄河鲤的96 h LC50为1.67 mg/L;低浓度Cu2 (ρ(Cu2 )为0.01和0.05 mg/L)对黄河鲤鳃组织、肝胰脏和肾组织Na -K -ATP酶活性有促进作用,且随着ρ(Cu2 )的增加和暴露时间的延长,促进作用也越明显(P<0.05);黄河鲤暴露于0.10 mg/L的Cu2 溶液时,鳃组织Na -K -ATP酶活性5 d后显著低于对照组(P<0.05),肝胰脏和肾组织Na -K -ATP酶活性与对照组相比,差异不显著;高浓度Cu2 (ρ(Cu2 )为0.30,0.50,0.70和1.00 mg/L)对黄河鲤鳃组织、肝胰脏和肾组织Na -K -ATP酶活性有抑制作用,且随着ρ(Cu2 )的增加和暴露时间的延长,抑制作用也越明显(P<0.05或P<0.01).提示黄河鲤鳃组织、肝胰脏和肾组织Na -K -ATP酶活性对铜的污染均具有指示作用(其中最为灵敏的是鳃组织Na -K -ATP酶活性),且存在计量-效应关系和时间-效应关系,可以用来指示低剂量重金属的污染.