江西红山隐爆角砾岩-斑岩型铜矿床的成因

红山铜矿成矿流体δD在－52.7‰～-87.8‰,δ18OH2O在＋1‰～＋6‰，δ34SH2S在0～2.5‰之间。矿石钻同位素表明错主要来自岩浆岩，两阶段模式计算出第一阶段（Th／U）比值为4．21，第二阶段为3．82＝0．22。[CuCl2]是氨基络合物迁移的主要形式（α＝75％），少量以[CuCl3]2形式搬迁（α＝25％）。强调压力在隐爆角砾岩化发生前后的变化对成矿意义影响尤大。厘定了主成矿年龄在97.1～98．8Ma，最后提出了隐爆角砾岩－斑岩铜矿成岩成矿模式。     

Asymptomatic carrier of two CFTR mutations: Consequences for prenatal diagnosis?

The cystic fibrosis (CF) gene has been observed to have the highest frequency of mutations in the Caucasian population. Prenatal diagnosis can now be performed with a high degree of accuracy since the identification of most of the gene's mutations, as well as the characterization of intragenic markers. However, the observation of a distribution of clinical phenotypes increases the need to identify a mild phenotype and avoid false-negative diagnosis. By screening most of the exons of the CFTR gene, we showed that a supposed obligate carrier of CF was in fact an asymptomatic affected woman.     

Soil seed bank and seedling populations of Hordeum murinum and Cardaria draba in saffron fields

Geostatistical techniques were used to characterize the spatial relationship between Hordeum murinum and Cardaria draba seedling and soil seed bank over the entire growing season of 2004–2005 in three saffron (Crocus sativus) fields, located in Southern Khorasan (33°N latitude, 57°E longitude), Iran. The maps of H. murinum seed bank density corresponded moderately to those seedling density in a and strongly to those in b and c fields. The emergence percentage of C. draba was higher than for H. murinum in all fields. Semivariograms showed spatial autocorrelation in seed bank and seedling populations of H. murinum and C. draba in all fields. Grey-scale field maps of C. draba seed banks corresponded visually to maps of seedling populations and could have been used to target control efforts, but visual correspondence between H. murinum seed bank and seedling maps was poor.     

典型高原湖泊流域生态安全格局构建——以杞麓湖流域为例

以“源”和生态环境保护为目标，引用最小累积阻力模型（MCR）对杞麓湖流域生态安全格局进行定量研究.结果表明：杞麓湖流域平均生态安全指数为2.59，生态安全以较低安全为主，占流域总面积的36.33%，中度安全和不安全次之，分别占流域总面积的23.36%和22.53%，高度安全面积最少，仅占17.77%.较低安全区主要分布在西北部、东南部和西南部，应加强对这些地区的生态环境保护建设.此外，以天然林地、重要水库和湖泊缓冲区100m以内区域作为生态源，选取坡度、海拔、植被覆盖度、土地覆盖类型、距水体距离、距建设用地距离、距居民点距离、距道路距离等8个阻力因子，结合MCR模型与GIS的cost-distance分析模块，生成最小累积耗费距离表面，划分5个阻力等级；依据累积阻力值频率变化特点及生态服务功能，确定了生态缓冲区、生态过渡区、生态边缘区、农业耕作区和人类活动区共5个生态功能区.杞麓湖流域生态源总面积为126.87km²，占流域总面积的35.74%，生态源在面积、数量和空间分布上都存在较大的差异，呈四周连片集中，中部分散破碎的分布格局，生态廊道呈四周连续紧凑，中部分散破碎的空间格局.生态节点的空间阻力值存在较大差异，部分生态节点累积阻力比较大，位于流域景观累计阻力值最大区，对生态流的流通安全性具有较大影响.基于最小累积阻力面，结合GIS的Hydrology模块，构建了由生态源与19个生态节点、23条生态廊道共同组成的具有结构性的流域景观生态安全格局，并提出了相应的建议，对高原湖泊流域研究及生态环境保护具有一定的参考价值.     

上海市市区、郊区NO2、SO2和PM10的时空变化规律及相关性分析

在对上海市嘉定区大气污染物SO2、NOx和PM10连续1年的观测基础上，结合上海环境状况公报的数据，探讨了市区、郊区大气污染物的空间和时间变化规律。结果表明，2005年中NO2、SO2和PM10的质量浓度在市区和郊区均是冬春两季高，夏秋两季低；NO2、SO2和PM10浓度在市区要高于郊区；郊区大气污染物的月变化幅度要比市区大，市区PM10污染有增加趋势。根据气象条件分析，嘉定区周边工业污染对NO2、SO2和PM10的浓度有贡献，市区NO2、SO2和PM10的质量浓度则与机动车尾气、工业燃煤，建筑扬尘和道路扬尘等诸多因素有关。相关性分析表明，上海市NO2、SO2和PM10相互之间存在比较强的相关性。     

高浓度CO2对红松根际及根外土壤微生物群落结构的影响

采用DGGE(Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis)技术,于2003年的7～9月中旬对高浓度CO2(700和500μmol·mol-1)处理下的红松幼苗根际和根外0～10 cm土壤微生物群落结构进行了研究.结果表明,大气CO2浓度升高对红松根际和非根际土壤细菌群落结构产生了较大的影响,主要表现为部分细菌物种的出现,或原有细菌数量的丰富以及原有物种的消失或其数量被削弱的现象,但主要建群种未变.     

试论自然保护区与社区协调发展

概括了自然保护区与社区的统一性和矛盾 ,分析了自然保护区与社区协调发展存在的主要问题 ,提出了自然保护区与社区协调发展的途径与方法 ,总结了一些保护区与社区协调发展的有效模式 ,包括政区合署模式、协调机构模式、保护与扶贫相结合模式、经济上双赢模式和公众参与模式     

福建梅花山国家级自然保护区拟赤杨种群分布格局的分形分析

分形理论中的计盒维数、信息维数和关联维数能分别从空间占据程度、格局强度和个体空间关联的尺度变化角度,揭示种群分布格局的尺度变化特征.本文应用以上3个分形维数探讨了福建梅花山国家级自然保护区拟赤杨种群分布格局的多尺度分布规律,计算结果表明,拟赤杨种群的分布格局具有分形特征,其计盒维数为1.0298～1.2982,信息维数为0.9728～1.2464,关联维数为0.5089～0.8047.拟赤杨种群的计盒维数、信息维数较高,而关联维数较小,表明该种群的分布格局强度相对较高,结构相对复杂,具有集聚分布的趋势.     

Metapopulation Extinction Risk under Spatially Autocorrelated Disturbance

Abstract:  Recent extinction models generally show that spatial aggregation of habitat reduces overall extinction risk because sites emptied by local extinction are more rapidly recolonized. We extended such an investigation to include spatial structure in the disturbance regime. A spatially explicit metapopulation model was developed with a wide range of dispersal distances. The degree of aggregation of both habitat and disturbance pattern could be varied from a random distribution, through the intermediate case of a fractal distribution, all the way to complete aggregation (single block). Increasing spatial aggregation of disturbance generally increased extinction risk. The relative risk faced by populations in different landscapes varied greatly, depending on the disturbance regime. With random disturbance, the spatial aggregation of habitat reduced extinction risk, as in earlier studies. Where disturbance was spatially autocorrelated, however, this advantage was eliminated or reversed because populations in aggregated habitats are at risk of mass extinction from coarse-scale disturbance events. The effects of spatial patterns on extinction risk tended to be reduced by long-distance dispersal. Given the high levels of spatial correlation in natural and anthropogenic disturbance processes, population vulnerability may be greatly underestimated both by classical (nonspatial) models and by those that consider spatial structure in habitat alone.     

Neural network modelling for the analysis of forcings/temperatures relationships at different scales in the climate system

A fully non-linear analysis of forcing influences on temperatures is performed in the climate system by means of neural network modelling. Two case studies are investigated, in order to establish the main factors that drove the temperature behaviour at both global and regional scales in the last 140 years. In particular, our neural network model shows the ability to catch non-linear relationships among these variables and to reconstruct temperature records with a high degree of accuracy. In this framework, we clearly show the need of including anthropogenic inputs for explaining the temperature behaviour at global scale and recognise the role of El Niño southern oscillation for catching the inter-annual variability of temperature data. Furthermore, we analyse the relative influence of global forcing and a regional circulation pattern in determining the winter temperatures in Central England, showing that the North Atlantic oscillation represents the driven element in this case study. Our modelling activity and results can be very useful for simple assessments of relationships in the complex climate system and for identifying the fundamental elements leading to a successful downscaling of atmosphere–ocean general circulation models.