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681.
Kerambrun E Le Floch S Sanchez W Thomas Guyon H Meziane T Henry F Amara R 《Chemosphere》2012,87(7):692-702
In the present study, juvenile sea bass were exposed for 48 and 96 h to an Arabian light crude oil and their responses were assessed at the molecular and physiological levels. The aim of the study was therefore to assess (i) the short term effects of crude oil exposure by the measurement of several molecular biomarkers, (ii) the consequences of this short term exposure on fish health by using growth and condition indices measured after a decontamination period of 28 and 26 d in seawater. Hydrocarbon petroleum concentrations was monitored during the 96 h experiments and an increase of PAH concentrations were found in fish following both exposure times. An 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) induction was observed after 48 h of exposure, while a significant decrease in the sea bass specific growth rate in length and for the RNA:DNA ratio was observed 28 d after that exposure ceased. The EROD induction doubled after the 96 h exposure, and a significant increase in GST activities was observed. A significant decrease in the specific growth rates, the otolith recent growth, the RNA:DNA ratio and the Fulton’s K condition index were then observed in sea bass 26 d after the 96 h exposure to mechanically dispersed crude oil compared to the control. The present study shows that growth and condition indices can prove useful in assessing fish health status following an oil spill. Their complementary analysis with sensitive molecular biomarkers as EROD could improve the determination of oil spill impact on fish populations. 相似文献
682.
Fuma S Watanabe Y Kawaguchi I Takata T Kubota Y Ban-Nai T Yoshida S 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2012,103(1):15-19
Derivation of effect benchmark values for each taxonomic group, which has been difficult due to lack of experimental effects data, is required for more adequate protection of the environment from ionising radiation. Estimation of effects doses from nuclear DNA mass and subsequent species sensitivity distribution (SSD) analysis were proposed as a method for such a derivation in acute irradiation situations for assumed nuclear accident scenarios. As a case study, 5% hazardous doses (HD5s), at which only 5% of species are acutely affected at 50% or higher lethality, were estimated on a global scale. After nuclear DNA mass data were obtained from a database, 50% lethal doses (LD50s) for 4.8 and 36% of the global Anura and Caudata species, respectively, were estimated by correlative equations between nuclear DNA mass and LD50s. Differences between estimated and experimental LD50s were within a factor of three. The HD5s obtained by the SSD analysis of these estimated LD50s data were 5.0 and 3.1 Gy for Anura and Caudata, respectively. This approach was also applied to the derivation of regional HD5s. The respective HD5s were 6.5 and 3.2 Gy for Anura and Caudata inhabiting Japan. This HD5 value for the Japanese Anura was significantly higher than the global value, while Caudata had no significant difference in global and Japanese HD5s. These results suggest that this approach is also useful for derivation of regional benchmark values, some of which are likely different from the global values. 相似文献
683.
纳米MnO2与常规MnO2粉末对Hela细胞DNA损伤的对比研究 总被引:11,自引:8,他引:3
为探讨纳米MnO2与常规MnO2粉末对细胞DNA损伤作用的差别,采用不同浓度的纳米MnO2与常规MnO2粉末(0、100、200、400μg·mL-1)对Hela细胞进行染毒,应用单细胞凝胶电泳(彗星实验)检测Hela细胞的损伤效应.结果表明,与对照组相比,纳米MnO2和常规MnO2各染毒组细胞尾部DNA百分率(TailDNA%)和尾矩(TailMoment)均显著增加(p<0.01);同一浓度下,纳米MnO2组细胞尾部DNA百分率和尾矩显著高于常规MnO2组(p<0.01).以上结果表明,纳米MnO2和常规MnO2粉末均能导致Hela细胞DNA损伤,且纳米MnO2的损伤作用强于常规MnO2. 相似文献
684.
Roberto Recart dos Santos Bianca Turra Kellen Simon Adriani Paganini Damiani Giulia Strapazzon Rafaela Tomaz Leandro 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(10):866-874
AbstractMikania glomerata Sprengel, popularly known as “guaco,” is used in Brazilian folk medicine for several inflammatory and allergic conditions. Besides, the popular use “guaco” is indicated by the Brazilian Ministry of Health as a safe and effective herbal medicine. The biological activity of M. glomerata extracts is due to the presence of the coumarins, a large family of phenolic substances found in plants and is made of fused benzene and α-pyrone rings. Considering that there are few data on the biological effects of the extracts of M. glomerata, mainly in genetic level, this work aims to evaluate, in vitro, the genotoxicity and coumarin production in M. glomerata in conventional and organic growing. The data showed that the organic culture system showed double the concentration of coumarin being significantly more productive than the conventional system. Besides, the results of comet assay suggest that extracts of M. glomerata cultivated in a conventional system was genotoxic, increased DNA damage levels while the organic extracts seem to have antigenotoxic effect possibly due to the concentration of coumarins. Additional biochemical investigations are necessary to elucidate the mechanisms of action of M. glomerata extracts, which were found to have a role in protection against DNA damage. 相似文献
685.
Kamal A. Rashid Ralph O. Mumma 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):565-577
Abstract Genotoxicity of the insecticide methyl parathion was investigated in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli bacterial test systems for the detection of back mutations and DNA‐damage. Methyl parathion was mutagenic to S. typhimurium strain TA100 after activation with rat liver microsomal and cytosolic enzymes. In DNA repair tests, methyl parathion was effective in inducing damage to the S. typhimurium strain TA1538 which lack excision repair compared to the strain TA1978 which is proficient in excision repair mechanisms. Normal laboratory light conditions had no effect on the mutagenicity tests, however, exposure of methyl parathion in the petri dish containing the tester strain TA100 and rat liver microsomal and cytosolic enzymes reduced the mutagenic activity and increased the toxic effects of methyl parathion. 相似文献
686.
There has been a recent increase in the use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in a wide range of consumer products due to their highly effective antimicrobial properties. However, Ag NPs give cause for concern since their wide use makes them likely to be released into aquatic ecosystems and potentially affect natural bacterial communities. In this study marine biofilms were grown in situ in a coastal site (Singapore Harbour) and exposed in the laboratory for a further 24 h to 0-2000 μg L−1 of well characterised Ag NPs. Increasing concentrations of Ag NPs caused a significant decrease in biofilm volume and biomass, and Ag uptake by biofilms per unit of volume was also dependent on concentration. Terminal fragment length polymorphisms and subsequent cluster and phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of major bacterial groups in biofilms irrespective of treatment with Ag NPs. This implies that even at the highest concentrations studied these taxonomic groups were not displaced. Nevertheless, biofilm succession was impeded on Ag NP treated biofilms, affecting the relative abundance of major bacterial groups in the biofilm community, with potential longer term effects on biofilm development and function. 相似文献
687.
Klobučar GI Stambuk A Srut M Husnjak I Merkaš M Traven L Cvetković Z 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(4):841-849
There is a growing interest for the application of biomakers to field-collected earthworms. Therefore we have evaluated the usability of native populations of endogeic, widely distributed earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa in the assessment of soil genotoxicity using the Comet assay. Validation of the Comet assay on earthworm coelomocytes has been established using commercially available Eisenia fetida exposed to copper, cadmium, and pentachlorophenol, along with A. caliginosa exposed to copper in a filter paper contact test. Neutral red retention time (NRRT) assay was conducted on copper exposed and field-collected earthworms. Significant DNA and lysosomal damage was measured using Comet and NRRT assays in native populations of A. caliginosa sampled from the polluted soils in the urban area in comparison to the earthworms from the reference site. The results of this study confirm the employment of A. caliginosa as a suitable species for the in situ soil toxicity and genotoxicity field surveys. 相似文献
688.
Chloé Schmidt Sean Hoban Margaret Hunter Ivan Paz-Vinas Colin J. Garroway 《Conservation biology》2023,37(4):e14064
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List is an important and widely used tool for conservation assessment. The IUCN uses information about a species’ range, population size, habitat quality and fragmentation levels, and trends in abundance to assess extinction risk. Genetic diversity is not considered, although it affects extinction risk. Declining populations are more strongly affected by genetic drift and higher rates of inbreeding, which can reduce the efficiency of selection, lead to fitness declines, and hinder species’ capacities to adapt to environmental change. Given the importance of conserving genetic diversity, attempts have been made to find relationships between red-list status and genetic diversity. Yet, there is still no consensus on whether genetic diversity is captured by the current IUCN Red List categories in a way that is informative for conservation. To assess the predictive power of correlations between genetic diversity and IUCN Red List status in vertebrates, we synthesized previous work and reanalyzed data sets based on 3 types of genetic data: mitochondrial DNA, microsatellites, and whole genomes. Consistent with previous work, species with higher extinction risk status tended to have lower genetic diversity for all marker types, but these relationships were weak and varied across taxa. Regardless of marker type, genetic diversity did not accurately identify threatened species for any taxonomic group. Our results indicate that red-list status is not a useful metric for informing species-specific decisions about the protection of genetic diversity and that genetic data cannot be used to identify threat status in the absence of demographic data. Thus, there is a need to develop and assess metrics specifically designed to assess genetic diversity and inform conservation policy, including policies recently adopted by the UN's Convention on Biological Diversity Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. 相似文献
689.
690.
不同浓度甲醛致小鼠肾细胞DNA损伤效应研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为了探讨甲醛导致生物机体内的DNA损伤效应及其剂量-效应关系,通过不同浓度的液态甲醛对小鼠肾细胞进行染毒,并分别运用了单细胞凝胶电泳实验、荧光检测法实验和KCl-SDS沉淀法实验进行研究.结果显示,甲醛在低浓度(5μmol·L-1)时,具有致DNA断裂的作用;在中等浓度(25μmol·L-1)时,对DNA的损伤作用以DNA-DNA交联为主;在高浓度(125、625μmol·L-1)时,对DNA的损伤作用以DNA-蛋白质交联为主. 相似文献