Circulating ‘trophoblast’ cells in pregnancy have maternal genetic markers

A syncytiotrophoblast-associated antigen identified by the monoclonal antibody (McAb) H315 is detectable on the surface of a low proportion of peripheral blood cells in pregnant women, raising the possibility of a new approach to prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders. We aimed at verifying the trophoblastic origin of H315⁺ cells and their use for prenatal diagnosis of β-thalassaemia. H315 ⁺ cells were separated from the peripheral blood of pregnant women: the DNA obtained from these cells in two selected cases was shown to have genetic markers indistinguishable from those of the mother and definitely different from the fetus. Our results suggest that H315 antigen is expressed by maternal cells and that prenatal diagnosis on peripheral blood of the mother using H315 McAb is not feasible.     

Prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis using linked DNA probes

This paper presents data collected in Europe on 107 prenatal diagnoses of cystic fibrosis (CF) using linked DNA markers. To date, 38 children have been born without CF, as predicted, demonstrating the present rapid move from research to clinical genetic service.     

A routine method for storing lymphocytes for repeated isolation of DNA

A protocol for easy storage and later expansion of lymphocyte populations is given. Compared with methods using transformed cell lines, the method has a number of advantages for repeated production of cells for the isolation of DNA in amounts sufficient for use in diagnostic DNA technology.     

用UDS试验检测黄浦江水质致遗传毒性

本文运用UDS试验来检测黄浦江水质致遗传毒性,结果表明,试验条件是可行的。UDS试验从DNA修复合成的角度来反映受试物的致遗传毒性作用,可作为水质评价的方法之一。     

两相一体式污泥浓缩消化(TISTD)反应器微生物多样性研究

针对课题组开发的两相一体式污泥浓缩消化反应器(TISTD),采用16S rDNA、PCR-TGGE等分子生物学技术,对反应器在不同阶段稳态下的内、外反应室中微生物的多样性和种群结构进行了研究.结果表明:TISTD反应器内外反应室中微生物群落均呈现高度的多样性分布,优势菌群明显,群落结构差异性很大,且外反应室较内反应室具有更多的微生物种群数量,外室是水解酸化的场所,污泥在外室经过微生物的水解酸化后进入内室,内室是严格厌氧的产甲烷场所;从反应器运行的不同时期来看,反应器中微生物优势种群呈现一定的差异,随着反应器负荷的改变,微生物的群落结构和种群数量也呈现出明显的演替过程,优势种群的功能地位处在动态变化中.微生物种群之间通过协同和竞争作用,形成了特定生态位的群落结构.研究结果解释了TISTD反应器同时浓缩和消化的工作机理,并为其推广、应用及优化调控提供了理论基础.     

彗星实验检测渤海主要入海河流遗传毒性

利用彗星实验检测渤海区主要入海河流遗传毒性.以虾虎鱼为受试生物,暂养在河口水样中,染毒48h,取外周血细胞,运用彗星实验检测外周血细胞内DNA损伤程度,以尾相(TM)作为DNA损伤程度指标,并据此评估入海河流邻近海域遗传毒性风险.实验结果表明,入海河流中的特征污染物可导致虾虎鱼外周血细胞的DNA损伤,且损伤程度可以通过彗星实验定量分析,同时该试验方法操作简便、快速、灵敏度高,能够反映出多种污染因子的综合致毒能力.因此,通过彗星实验建立实验室检测入海河流遗传毒性方法具有可行行和创新性.     

秸秆沼气干发酵基质中微生物DNA提取方法筛选

比较了4种处理方法对从秸秆沼气干发酵基质中提取微生物总DNA纯度和产量的影响,以及添加PVP和使用试剂盒对DNA粗提液的纯化效果,试图寻找一种适用于从秸秆沼气干发酵基质中提取微生物总DNA的有效方法。结果表明:采用冻融处理和酶处理相结合的方法得到DNA提取液的A260/A230和A260/A280相对较高,与其它3种方法有显著性差异(P≤0.05);提取液中添加PVP对去除DNA粗提液中的腐殖酸有一定效果,但添加量1%⁶%的效果差异不显著;经细菌DNA纯化试剂盒纯化后A260/A230和A260/A280分别达到(1.223±0.156)和(1.737±0.120)。对吸附了磷酸盐的氢氧化钽进行解吸,当pH=12时解吸率为52.45%。研究结果表明,氢氧化钽能够有效地去除水溶液中磷酸盐的吸附剂。     

Extraction of DNA from amniotic fluid cells for the early prenatal diagnosis of genetic disease

Ten-ml samples of amniotic fluid were taken from pregnancies being terminated at 8–14 weeks' gestation. DNA was extracted from the amniotic cells by sequential centrifugation and analysed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fifteen samples were analysed for evidence of maternal contamination using Mfd5 oligo-nucleotide primers for repeat polymorphisms. Ten amniotic fluid samples were tested for the Delta-F₅₀₈ deletion characteristic of cystic fibrosis to demonstrate a diagnostic application for the technique. In each case, DNA extracted from fetal tissue from the same pregnancy was included in the controls. In 14 of the 15 cases tested with the Mfd5 primers, both the amniotic fluid DNA and the fetal DNA showed no evidence of contaminating DNA. In one case, neither the amniotic fluid cells nor the fetal cells yielded results. In nine of the ten cases tested with the Delta-F₅₀₈ primers, the amniotic fluid cell DNA provided accurate information about the genetic status of the fetus; in the tenth, the fetal DNA failed to amplify. The results indicate that adequate DNA can be extracted from amniotic fluid from 8 weeks' gestation onward and these samples are suitable for prenatal diagnosis using PCR.     

Prenatal diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase deficiency by rflp analysis of the 21-hydroxylase,complement C4, and HLA class II genes

In 19 pregnancies at risk for 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) in 18 families with at lea one affected child, prenatal diagnosis was performed by RFLP analysis using the enzymi Taq I and EcoRI and the DNA probes specific for the 21 OH genes, the closely linke complement C4 genes and the highly polymorphic HLA class II genes DRB, DQB, and DPI For fetal DNA analysis either chorionic villi or cultivated amniotic cells were used. In all 1 cases, a clear prenatal diagnosis was possible either with the 21OH probe alone or in mo cases, by combining the results of the different closely linked loci.     

彗星试验检测酚类化合物对小鼠脾脏细胞DNA损伤的研究

应用彗星试验技术,研究了酚类化合物对小鼠脾脏细胞DNA的损伤作用,试验结果表明,12种酚类化合物对小鼠脾脏细胞均能引起不同程度的DNA损伤,并呈现剂量效应关系.与对照组相比,均有显著性差异(P＜0 05,P＜0 01).试验结果亦表明,其DNA的损伤程度与化学结构有一定的关系.