旋转电极式电除尘器技术研究

简要阐述了旋转电极式电除尘器的原理、结构、应用及特点,并总结出其除尘效率计算公式。研究结果表明：该技术能最大限度的减少二次扬尘,显著降低电除尘器出口排放浓度,对高比电阻粉尘有很好的收尘效果。与其他除尘器比较,旋转电极式电除尘器节省场地、空间和能源,性价比高,具有较广阔的应用前景。     

大港油田苦咸再生水反渗透工艺自动控制研究

分析了大港油田污水回用深度处理工程苦咸再生水反渗透工艺仪表配置及自动控制方式,介绍了苦咸再生水反渗透系统亟待解决的各类问题。着重论述了仪表设置、余氯控制、结垢污堵控制、微生物污堵控制的实际运行方式,探讨了苦咸再生水反渗透工艺的技术可行性和可靠性。     

Social learning in a policy-mandated collaboration: community wildfire protection planning in the eastern United States

Policies such as the US Healthy Forests Restoration Act (HFRA) mandate collaboration in planning to create benefits such as social learning and shared understanding among partners. However, some question the ability of top-down policy to foster successful local collaboration. Through in-depth interviews and document analysis, this paper investigates social learning and transformative learning in three case studies of Community Wildfire Protection Planning (CWPP), a policy-mandated collaboration under HFRA. Not all CWPP groups engaged in social learning. Those that did learned most about organisational priorities and values through communicative learning. Few participants gained new skills or knowledge through instrumental learning. CWPP groups had to commit to learning, but the design of the collaborative-mandate influenced the type of learning that was most likely to occur. This research suggests a potential role for top-down policy in setting the structural context for learning at the local level, but also confirms the importance of collaborative context and process in fostering social learning.     

A multi-agent simulation model for spatial optimisation of manure allocation

The EU Nitrate Directive has spurred many countries to regulate manure production and manure application. Farmers have three allocation options: spreading manure on their own land, transporting manure to other farmers' land or processing manure. The manure problem can be seen as an allocation problem. To better understand this allocation problem, we have developed the spatial mathematical programming multi-agent simulation (MP-MAS) model. This model has been applied in Flanders, Belgium, a region with a high concentration of livestock. The model evaluates the cost efficiency of policy intervention in the manure market through obliged processing. We propose to further optimise the policy using a regionally differentiated manure pressure indicator, which is directly derived from the dual outcome of the mathematical programme. This indicator increases transparency in the manure and processing market, leading to better decision support about location and type of manure processing.     

莱特生物强化技术处理高浓度有机废水的中试

采用莱特生物强化技术(LTBR—Littoral BioReactor),对兰州石化公司化工园区高浓度有机废水进行了中试试验,进行了正常运行的常规标定、水量冲击标定、浓度冲击标定。结果表明:采用LTBR生物处理工艺,使用特效微生物和营养基质,可以在高COD、高含盐等不利条件下正常进行有机物降解,达到了必须将废水中的COD降至2000mg/L以下的试验要求,为处理高浓度有机化工废水的工程应用开辟了新思路。     

嗜盐菌在油田含盐采出废水处理中的应用

嗜盐菌具有独特的细胞结构、生理功能和代谢产物,能够在高盐环境下正常生存和生长,适宜于偏碱性的环境,因而能有效应用于含盐污染物的治理。结合油田含盐采出废水的特点,介绍了嗜盐菌的特点、嗜盐机制等,及嗜盐菌在含盐采出废水和其它有机污染物处理中的作用,为油田含盐采出废水的处理提供理论基础和技术依据,并为更大范围地推广嗜盐菌在油田含盐采出废水处理中的应用提供技术参考。     

油田作业废水高效处理技术中试研究

文章根据新疆油田作业废水特征及油田地处干旱区的地理特点,结合国内外含聚合物污水处理的技术现状,以及油田连续生产稳定运行的要求,在含油污水处理技术的基础上,开展了作业废水处理关键技术研究和工艺优化,采用了"隔油—絮凝气浮—深层过滤"技术。中试试验结果表明:处理后废水COD_(Cr)、石油类、SS可分别由680 mg/L、98.6 mg/L、56.2 mg/L降至98.8 mg/L、5.4 mg/L、4.5 mg/L,去除率分别为85.5%、94.5%、92.0%。     

油田作业废水处理技术研究进展

文章讨论了作业废水的组成与特点,并对近年来钻井废水处理工艺,酸化废水处理工艺,压裂废水处理工艺进行了总结与评述。根据作业废水的处理现状,对未来作业废水的处理技术进行了展望。油田废水处理主要向以下三个方面发展:开发新型处理药剂;建立高效处理工艺流程;从污水源头开始控制。     

石油污染土壤原位生物修复的强化实验研究

为研究添加营养物质和高效降解石油微生物对油污土壤生物修复的作用,通过分层土柱的方法,连续监测了不同条件下不同土层的含水率、石油烃含量、细菌数量及脱氢酶活性。结果表明:添加营养物质同时接种高效微生物可使降解效果明显改善,降解率比在自然条件下提高近50%,而单纯添加营养物质不接种高效微生物可使降解率比在自然条件下提高约25%。降解初期,上层土壤降解效果较好,而到中后期,中下层降解效果好于上层。微生物数量和脱氢酶活性与石油降解率之间存在良好的相关性,脱氢酶活性比微生物数量更能反映修复过程中微生物的存活状态。添加营养物质和高效降解石油微生物对油污土壤原位生物修复具有强化作用。     

Illicit drugs in wastewater of the city of Zagreb (Croatia) - Estimation of drug abuse in a transition country

A comprehensive study of various psychoactive substances and their metabolites was performed in the wastewater treatment plant of the city of Zagreb (780 000 inhabitants) using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The estimation of drug abuse for five different illicit drugs, including heroin, cocaine, marijuana, amphetamine and ecstasy, was made on the basis of their representative excretion rates, which were determined over a period of 8 months. Marijuana (1000 kg/year), heroin (75 kg/year) and cocaine (47 kg/year) were found to be the most frequently consumed illicit drugs, while the consumption of amphetamine-type drugs was much lower (1-3 kg/year). A comparison with other reports indicated that drug abuse profiles in transition countries might be different from those reported for Western Europe, in particular with respect to the comparatively increased consumption of heroin. Enhanced consumption of stimulating drugs (cocaine and ectasy) was systematically detected during weekends.