水培植物生态槽对低C/N污水的脱氮研究

选用某污水处理厂的二沉池出水[(TN主要以硝态氮(NO3--N)形式存在)作为研究对象,采取水培植物生态槽进行脱氮试验,着重研究了NO3--N的反硝化过程.结果表明, NO3--N与COD均得到有效去除;生态槽厌氧区水力停留时间(HRT)为10~18h,系统水力负荷为1.33m3/(m3×d),不投外加碳源时,空槽运行NO3--N去除率为10.80%;种植能分泌溶解性有机碳(DOC)的凤眼莲使NO3--N去除率升至15.89%;而硫自养反硝化过程使NO3--N去除率提高至37.80%;投加葡萄糖时,TN与NO3--N的去除率分别达到87.20%和93.21%,出水浓度分别降到2.2,1.04mg/L.     

Impact of Lime and Ash Applications on Soil Solution Chemistry of an Acidified Podzolic Soil

Soil solution samples were taken from two sites (Horröd and Hasslöv) in the south part of Sweden to evaluate how soil solution chemistry responded to different treatmentswith dolomite and wood ash. At Horröd, samples were taken four years after application of wood ash, 4.28 ton ha^-1 and dolomite, 3.25 ton ha^-1. At Hasslöv dolomite, 3.45 ton ha^-1 and 8.75 ton ha^-1 was applied and samples were taken 15 yr later. It was found that treatment with dolomite at one site (Hasslöv) resulted in higher pH values (<2 pH units) and higher nitrification. It was also found at this site that the total Al and the inorganic Al concentrations decreased with dolomite treatment. The Ca, Mg, DOC, Fe, SO₄ ^2- and Cl^- concentrations, mainly in the topsoil, were found to be higher at both sites, following dolomite treatment; Ca and Mg concentrations were 2–8 times higher (<820 M) than in controls (<70 M). Wood ash was found to have less impact. The PO₄ concentration in the O2 horizon at Hasslöv decreased due to dolomite-treatment. ANOVA (Analyse of Variance) and PLS (Partial Least Square) were used to evaluate the data from the two sites.     

太湖梅梁湾有色可溶性有机物对光的吸收

探讨了太湖梅梁湾不同湖区有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)对光的吸收、光衰减系数的变化及与DOC浓度的关系、CDOM吸收对光衰减系数的贡献率以及指数函数曲线斜率S值.结果表明,不同类型湖区CDOM吸收系数差异明显,a_d(440)、a_d(320)的变化范围分别为1.22～2.58m^-1,6.24～10.69m^-1;DOC浓度最高值出现在梁溪河口,为12.74mg/L,最低值出现梅梁湾口,为6.87mg/L,大致呈由湾内向湾口逐渐递减的趋势;DOC与CDOM吸收系数在波长320nm以下存在显著性相关,波长320～700nm CDOM吸收对光衰减系数的贡献率在0.69%～60.9%间变化,400nm以下紫外短光部分贡献率均大于20%,空间上短波部分贡献率在河口区、五里湖比梅梁湾内及沿岸带要大;CDOM吸收的指数函数曲线斜率S在13.9～18.1m^-1间.     

长江口CDOM的光谱吸收特征以及DOC物源示踪意义

通过测定2009年冬季长江口芦潮港至嵊泗海域表层水中有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)的光谱吸收和溶解有机碳(DOC)的浓度,分析CDOM的吸收系数α(355)和光谱斜率s值的空间分布特征,并探讨其来源及其与DOC的关系。结果表明:CDOM光学属性随盐度逐渐降低,18.96～28.00的盐度范围内,α(355)为0.268 9～1.183 1 m-1,均值为0.824 9 m-1,低于丰水期,与国内外研究相比偏低,表明长江口CDOM受控于陆源径流输入,CDOM浓度可能和长江流域植被覆盖率和以及径流量有关。光谱斜率s值的范围为0.011 3～0.017 4 nm-1,均值为0.015 3 nm-1,略低于丰水期。DOC浓度与盐度的负相关关系(R2=0.882)表明该研究区域的溶解有机质(DOM)输入主要来自陆源,CDOM与DOC的相关关系为CDOMα(355)=0.371DOC+1.012(R2=0.48),表明研究区域内CDOM对DOC具有一定的物源指示意义。     

Characterization of natural organic matter in water for optimizing water treatment and minimizing disinfection by-product formation

正Introduction Natural organic matter(NOM)present in source water has significant impact on water treatment processes and on the quality of drinking water.NOM is a complex mixture of diverse groups of organic compounds,humic and fulvic acids,proteins,peptides,carbohydrates,and heterogeneous materials     

水生生物光合作用对雪玉洞岩溶水体中CDOM的影响

溶解有机质(DOM)作为岩溶水体碳汇的重要组成部分,其来源、分布和迁移变化对研究岩溶碳汇的组成、结构和通量具有重要意义,其组成和结构特征常用有色溶解有机质(CDOM)反演.本研究于旱季每月采集重庆雪玉洞洞内地下水和洞外地表水,通过地下河从洞内向洞外的流动过程中水化学和CDOM光谱特性的变化,分析CDOM的变化影响因素,为研究岩溶水体DOM碳汇通量提供理论基础.结果表明:(1)雪玉洞岩溶水中CDOM以小分子易降解的内源有机质为主,类色氨酸和类酪氨酸组分占60%以上;(2)雪玉洞地下水中的CDOM主要受地下水微生物的降解作用影响,地下水流动过程中有少量易降解有机质被微生物降解,TOC和DOC含量略有降低,CDOM腐殖化程度略有增强;(3)雪玉洞地表水CDOM主要受水池中水生植物光合作用控制,水生植物生长处TOC和DOC含量明显升高,CDOM内源特征和小分子组分明显增多.     

不同施肥条件下紫色土旱坡地可溶性有机碳流失特征

明确紫色土旱坡地可溶性有机碳在不同施肥条件下的流失特征,得出最佳的养分管理方式,对提升三峡库区的耕地质量、维持土壤碳平衡和减轻土壤碳流失造成的环境污染具有重要意义.在中国科学院三峡库区水土保持与环境研究试验站内设置标准化径流小区,研究紫色土旱坡地在不同施肥处理[不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(常规)、优化施肥(优化)、85％...