海洋石油作业现场安全管理探讨

简要分析了现场作业安全管理面临的问题,一是不安全行为难以控制,二是安全法规难以落实.在此基础上,阐述了“五想五不干”提示卡提出的背景和依据,介绍了“五想五不干”的具体内容,说明了提示卡的使用方法、注意事项及使用原则,强调了危险辨识对于使用提示卡的重要性,并总结了提示卡在中海油现场作业安全管理过程中的实践经验和体会,归纳了提示卡对于现场作业安全管理的意义和对其它行业现场作业安全管理的建议.     

Sb2O5/TiO2催化超声降解甲基橙溶液

采用实验室合成的Sb2O5掺杂TiO2作为催化剂,研究各种因素对甲基橙的超声催化降解反应的影响.结果表明,在Sb2O5掺杂TiO2催化剂作用下,甲基橙的超声催化降解效果明显优于单独使用TiO2的情况.1.5%掺杂量的催化剂,用量在1.0～1.5 g/L之间,超声波频率25 kHz,输出功率1.0 W/cm2,pH为1.0～3.0时,初始浓度为20 mg/L的甲基橙水溶液,100 min左右基本可全部降解,COD去除率达到99.0%以上.Sb2O5掺杂TiO2催化超声降解有机污染物的方法具有很好的应用前景.     

煤矿事故隐患大数据处理与知识发现分析方法研究

为解决半结构化或非结构化文本型煤矿隐患数据利用难度大、挖掘深度不够的问题,首先运用六何分析方法对煤矿事故隐患大数据进行内容分析,确定隐患的描述维度及属性类别,实现文本型隐患数据的量化表达;之后根据隐患数据变量特征,采用对数线性模型进行隐患维度间交互的知识发现研究,探索煤矿事故隐患各维度间的交互效应。研究结果表明:基于“六何分析法+对数线性模型”的分析框架能够实现文本型隐患数据的结构化转换,有效揭示煤矿隐患各维度间的交互影响关系,实现隐性知识的显性化。     

海藻酸钠固定化纳米铁还原脱色活性红X3B

采用海藻酸钠固定纳米铁制备海藻酸钠纳米铁小球,研究了海藻酸钠浓度、纳米铁含量、活性红X3B浓度、反应温度、pH值等对海藻酸钠固定化纳米铁小球还原活性红X3B的影响.采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）、紫外可见分光光度计（UV-Vis）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）等方法分析污染物的还原脱色过程.结果表明,X3B的还原脱色获得了较好的效果,当温度25.0℃,海藻酸钠浓度2.0%,纳米铁含量2.0g/L,转速200r/min,pH值10.9时,反应720min后,25.0mg/L活性红X3B的脱色率达98.9%.海藻酸钠凝胶对活性红X3B没有吸附作用,海藻酸钠固定化纳米铁小球降解活性红X3B的主要机制为纳米零价铁的还原作用.     

Simultaneous removal of NOx and chlorobenzene on V2O5/TiO2 granular catalyst: Kinetic study and performance prediction

• A V₂O₅/TiO₂ granular catalyst for simultaneous removal of NO and chlorobenzene. • Catalyst synthesized by vanadyl acetylacetonate showed good activity and stability. • The kinetic model was established and the synergetic activity was predicted. • Both chlorobenzene oxidation and SCR of NO follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. • The work is of much value to design of multi-pollutants emission control system. The synergetic abatement of multi-pollutants is one of the development trends of flue gas pollution control technology, which is still in the initial stage and facing many challenges. We developed a V₂O₅/TiO₂ granular catalyst and established the kinetic model for the simultaneous removal of NO and chlorobenzene (i.e., an important precursor of dioxins). The granular catalyst synthesized using vanadyl acetylacetonate precursor showed good synergistic catalytic performance and stability. Although the SCR reaction of NO and the oxidation reaction of chlorobenzene mutually inhibited, the reaction order of each reaction was not considerably affected, and the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics was still followed. The performance prediction of this work is of much value to the understanding and reasonable design of a catalytic system for multi-pollutants (i.e., NO and dioxins) emission control.     

Preparation of nZVI embedded modified mesoporous carbon for catalytic persulfate to degradation of reactive black 5

• The MCNZVI is prepared as an interesting material for PS activation. • Graphitized carbon shells facilitate electron transfer from Fe⁰. • The MCNZVI exhibits excellent performance to degrade RB5 by ¹O₂. • The MCNZVI has high stability and reusability in the oxidation system. High-efficiency and cost-effective catalysts with available strategies for persulfate (PS) activation are critical for the complete mineralization of organic contaminants in the environmental remediation and protection fields. A nanoscale zero-valent iron-embedded modified mesoporous carbon (MCNZVI) with a core-shell structure is synthesized using the hydrothermal synthesis method and high-temperature pyrolysis. The results showed that nZVI could be impregnated within mesoporous carbon frameworks with a comparatively high graphitization degree, rich nitrogen doping content, and a large surface area and pore volume. This material was used as a persulfate activator for the oxidation removal of Reactive Black 5 (RB5). The effects of the material dosage, PS concentration, pH, and some inorganic anions (i.e., Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻) on RB5 degradation were then investigated. The highest degradation efficiency (97.3%) of RB5 was achieved via PS (20 mmol/L) activation by the MCNZVI (0.5 g/L). The pseudo-first-order kinetics (k = 2.11 × 10⁻² min⁻¹) in the MCNZVI/PS (0.5 g/L, 20 mmol/L) was greater than 100 times than that in the MCNZVI and PS. The reactive oxygen species (ROS), including ¹O₂, SO₄^·−, HO^·, and ·O₂⁻, were generated by PS activation with the MCNZVI. Singlet oxygen was demonstrated to be the primary ROS responsible for the RB5 degradation. The MCNZVI could be reused and regenerated for recycling. This work provides new insights into PS activation to remove organic contamination.     

1种基于视频的油田危险区域入侵检测智能综合识别技术研究

为解决油田日常生产作业中缺乏危险作业区域的等级划分与自动识别方式以及缺乏人员踏入危险区域的识别方法.提出1种基于视频智能综合识别技术的全天油田危险区域入侵检测算法,该算法首先结合油田危险因素对油田危险区域进行危险等级的划分与危险区域的识别;然后,针对光照条件良好的白天场景,在训练数据集中融合油田作业区视频数据和公开行人...     

放电条件下SF5CF3的分解反应

SF₅CF₃是近年被发现的具有强红外辐射强迫、长寿命的新温室气体.本文利用火花放电技术模拟研究了放电条件下SF₅CF₃的去除机理.结果表明,SF₅CF₃在放电过程中将被分解并生成多种含硫、氟、氧和碳的化合物.H₂O的存在能够降低SF₅CF₃的分解速率,但降低的量与H₂O的分压无关. 在有H₂O存在的条件下,当体系总压约为31kPa时,闪电过程中SF₅CF₃的分解速率常数分别为0.011s^-.同时,SF₅CF₃的分解率随着体系的总压上升而呈指数下降.基于实验结果,对SF₅CF₃在放电过程中的反应途径作了探讨,并估算实际大气中放电的一种形式--闪电所引起的SF₅CF₃的分解量为53.6 kg·a^-.     

Estimate of sea loading by pollutants originating from the littoral counties in the Republic of Croatia

The paper reviews the data of 10 yr of following up sewage (waste water) inflows of anthropological origin into the sea from all the coastal settlements in Croatia. In particular, we report the sea loading by biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), expressed by the inhabitant equivalent (I.E.), for seven littoral counties. We estimated the loading of a coastal sea area for each county separately. The objective was to avoid any over- or underestimation of amounts and significance of sewage inflows into the seawater. For this purpose, a precisely determined sea volume up to the 10 m isobath has been chosen. Because of the inadequate treatment of wastewater, the total loading of that maritime territory expressed in terms of i.e. was found to be 26% higher than expected from the actual number of inhabitants. However, daily input represents only 12‰ of the considered volume of the sea. Recipient spent only 0.7% of the disposable oxygen quantity in the sea.