刘家峡水库藻类群落特征与水质的关系

2009年—2010年,研究了刘家峡水库的藻类群落特征。共鉴定出8门11纲 16目33科55 属114种藻。丰水期优势类群是金藻门（占27%）,次优势类群是硅藻门（21.5%）;枯水期优势类群是硅藻门,占总数34%（羽纹纲占33%）,次优势类群是金藻门（18%）。对刘家峡水库水质初步评价结果显示：水库上游水质较清洁（1#—2#站点）,中下游为轻度—偏中度污染（3#—4#站点）,下游为中度—偏重度污染（5#—6#站点）。对藻类群落特征与6项水环境因子的Pearsong相关性分析表明,枯水期影响藻类群落特征的环境因子依次是DO﹥TN﹥pH值﹥T﹥Mcb(粪大肠杆菌);丰水期则是DO﹥Mcb﹥pH值﹥TN。     

官厅水库沉积物表层中的有机氯农药分布特征及风险评价

采用气相色谱法对北京市官厅水库沉积物表层中持久性有机氯农药(OCPs)的残留状况进行了调查,并对有机氯农药污染水平和生态风险作出评价。结果表明:沉积物中有机氯农药总含量为8.48 ng/g～24.40 ng/g,其中HCHs和DDTs的含量较高,分别为1.11 ng/g～7.73 ng/g和2.97 ng/g～10.52 ng/g,其组分特征为来自环境的残留。与沉积物风险评估低值(ERL)和风险评估中值(ERM)对比评价沉积物中有机污染物的风险程度,官厅水库沉积物表层中的有机氯农药存在一定的生态风险。     

红枫湖水库水体富营养化及浮游植物群落结构特征

2008-2009年通过对红枫湖水库浮游植物及环境因子进行采样调查,并运用综合营养状态指数对红枫湖水库营养状态进行评价.研究结果显示,红枫湖水库浮游植物全年以蓝藻、绿藻为主的优势种群落,且在2008-2009年经常性局部发生蓝藻水华:冬、春季节主要是水华束丝藻(Aphanizomenon flos-aquae)的蓝藻水华;夏季主要是微囊藻属(Microcystis)蓝藻水华;秋季浮游植物主要是颗粒直链藻(Melosira)和小环藻属(Cyclotella)为主的硅藻类群,未出现水华现象.通过综合营养状态指数计算得红枫湖水库水体水质处于富营养化状态.     

基于PSO-SVM算法的环境监测数据异常检测和缺失补全

针对环境监测数据异常和数据缺失问题,提出了基于支持向量机的粒子群优化数据异常检测和缺失补全算法。利用粒子群优化算法选取较优的支持向量机训练参数组合,以此建立非线性的支持向量机模型,并利用结果模型对测得的真实数据拟合预测。以宁夏回族自治区某污水处理厂的污染物测量数据作为实验数据,结果表明,利用该算法预测数据的准确率可达97.977%,检测异常数据准确度高,缺失数据补全正确。     

塔山水库蓝藻暴发的成因及控制

简述了塔山水库蓝藻暴发的过程及成因。指出 ,由于水库的营养物质增多、水质恶化 ,在不利的水文、气象 (高温、光照充足、微风 )等条件下 ,导致蓝藻暴发。提出了相应的控制对策     

Optimal Expansion Strategy for a Sewer System under Uncertainty

Because of fast urban sprawl, land use competition, and the gap in available funds and needed funds, municipal decision makers and planners are looking for more cost-effective and sustainable ways to improve their sewer infrastructure systems. The dominant approaches have turned to planning the sanitary sewer systems within a regional context, while the decentralized and on-site/cluster wastewater systems have not overcome the application barriers. But regionalization policy confers uncertainties and risks upon cities while planning for future events. Following the philosophy of smart growth, this paper presents several optimal expansion schemes for a fast-growing city in the US/Mexico borderlands—the city of Pharr in Texas under uncertainty. The waste stream generated in Pharr is divided into three distinct sewer sheds within the city limit, including south region, central region, and north region. The options available include routing the wastewater to a neighboring municipality (i.e., McAllen) for treatment and reuse, expanding the existing wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the south sewer shed, and constructing a new WWTP in the north sewer shed. Traditional deterministic least-cost optimization applied in the first stage can provide a cost-effective and technology-based decision without respect to associated uncertainties system wide. As the model is primarily driven by the fees charged for wastewater transfer, sensitivity analysis was emphasized by the inclusion of varying flat-rate fees for adjustable transfer schemes before contracting process that may support the assessment of fiscal benefits to all parties involved. Yet uncertainties might arise from wastewater generation, wastewater reuse, and cost increase in constructing and operating the new wastewater treatment plant simultaneously. When dealing with multiple sources of uncertainty, the grey mixed integer programming (GIP) model, formulated in the second stage, can further allow all sources of uncertainties to propagate throughout the optimization context, simultaneously leading to determine a wealth of optimal decisions within a reasonable range. Both models ran for three 5-year periods beginning in 2005 and ending in 2020. The dynamic outputs of this analysis reflect the systematic concerns about integrative uncertainties within this decision analysis, which enable decision makers and stakeholders to make all-inclusive decisions for sanitary sewer system expansion in an economically growing region.     

三峡库区典型消落带冬季多环芳烃大气-植物/土壤交换过程与通量

三峡大坝每年周期性“蓄水-放水”,形成水位落差巨大的消落带,库区内污染物环境地球化学行为随之发生变化.以冬季淹没期消落带多环芳烃为研究对象,采集成对大气(n=16)、植物(n=12)和土壤样品(n=12),采用气相色谱/质谱法(GC/MS),分析USEPA 16PAHs浓度水平,解析来源,估算大气地表、大气-植物等多介质交换通量.结果表明:大气、土壤和植物中PAHs浓度为5.65～13.47ng/m³、70.86～13 5.44ng/g和78.23～1084.72ng/g,平均值分别为(8.58±2.78) ng/m³、(90.10±22.18) ng/g和(360.36±309.54) ng/g.大气中PAHs以2～3环为主(62.3%),植物中PAHs以3～4环为主(73.7%),土壤中PAHs以3环和5环为主(52.1%).特征分子比值法揭示煤、生物质燃烧是植物PAHs的主要来源,以石油为主的化石燃料燃烧是大气和土壤PAHs主要来源.“一室模型”表明,植物吸收PAHs的主要途径为植物-气相之间动态平衡限制下的气沉降.“逸度模型”表明,3...     

Group utility indifference and resource management decision making

Natural resource managers often rely on the advice of specialists to aid decision making. However, disagreement among these specialists about the relative value of particular management objectives or the risks associated with implementing certain management strategies may complicate the decision effort. Multiattribute utility analysis can facilitate decision making by indicating how attributes of a problem are weighed by individual specialists. This information can then be used to outline bands of potential problem solutions that are acceptable to the advising group and may allow management to further its own objectives (possibly increased efficiency).An example is presented that relates to fire management planning efforts on national forests. Multiattribute utility functions developed from a survey of fire management professionals are used to identify utility-maximizing fire management strategies based on each strategy's level of economic efficiency and risk. Bands of utility-indifferent potential solutions are outlined based on measures of group consensus. It is pointed out that a subset of these would further management's goal (increased efficiency) without significantly altering the value assigned to the risk attribute by the specialists. Finally, the robustness of the technique is discussed with particular reference to environmental management problems and the role that proxy information often plays in decision making.     

试用“三论”探索我国安全生产宏观管理模式

本文试用系统论、控制论和信息论的观点探索我国安全生产宏管理模式。文中主要分析了生产安全系统的内涵;行业生产安全系统的内涵;以及生产安全系统的宏观控制的内涵。并指出了行业生产安全系统是生产安全系统的主体控制系统,劳动安全监察系统是生产安全系统的强化控制系统。     

Trends and issues in land and water resources management: Setting the agenda for change

The classical model of a paradigm shift is used to explore changes that are occurring in public lands and water resources management. Recent policy developments suggest that the traditional paradigm, which is characterized by sustained yield, is in the process of being invalidated. While no new paradigm has been fully accepted, the emerging paradigm does appear to be based on two principles: ecosystem management and collaborative decision making. Implementation of these two principles is likely to require extensive revision of traditional management practices and institutions. Failure to address these issues could result in adoption of the rhetoric of change without any lasting shift in management practices or professional attitudes.