四川省环境中的汞

本文较系统地报道了四川省地面水环境（河，湖原水，过滤水，沉积物），土壤，大气降水及生物－鱼体中的含量及分布特点，得出四川省环境中的汞与国内外相比属于罗低水平，地面水环境中汞的含量及溶解态汞由川东南向川西北递减，土壤中汞的含量与土壤类型，成土母质，降水条件等相关，鱼类对河水中汞有较强的富集能力，大气降水是四川省环境中汞的来源之一。文章还研究了汞的水环境容量，指出汞是四川省水环境较为脆弱的重要因素之一     

金汞齐富集—冷原子吸收法测定大气中的微量汞

本文介绍了大气中微量汞的一种监测方法,利用汞富集解析器富集大气中的微量汞.解析后用冷原子吸收法测定.研究了FJ-1型汞富集解析器与WYX-405原子吸收分光光度计联用的工作条件,相对标准偏差为1.7％.     

香港近海沉积物中汞残留研究

研究是测定了从 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 1年 ,对香港近海 16个采样点所采集的沉积物中残留汞的含量。通过沉积物中汞含量对香港近海的汞污染分布状况进行研究。测量的结果中 ,沉积物中汞含量的范围是 (45 7～ 384 4ng g ,干重 )。     

The sea–air exchange of mercury (Hg) in the marine boundary layer of the Augusta basin (southern Italy): Concentrations and evasion flux

The first attempt to systematically investigate the atmospheric mercury (Hg) in the MBL of the Augusta basin (SE Sicily, Italy) has been undertaken. In the past the basin was the receptor for Hg from an intense industrial activity which contaminated the bottom sediments of the Bay, making this area a potential source of pollution for the surrounding Mediterranean. Three oceanographic cruises have been thus performed in the basin during the winter and summer 2011/2012, where we estimated averaged Hg_atm concentrations of about 1.5 ± 0.4 (range 0.9–3.1) and 2.1 ± 0.98 (range 1.1–3.1) ng m⁻³ for the two seasons, respectively. These data are somewhat higher than the background Hg_atm value measured over the land (range 1.1 ± 0.3 ng m⁻³) at downtown Augusta, while are similar to those detected in other polluted regions elsewhere. Hg evasion fluxes estimated at the sea/air interface over the Bay range from 3.6 ± 0.3 (unpolluted site) to 72 ± 0.1 (polluted site of the basin) ng m⁻² h⁻¹. By extending these measurements to the entire area of the Augusta basin (∼23.5 km²), we calculated a total sea–air Hg evasion flux of about 9.7 ± 0.1 g d⁻¹ (∼0.004 t yr⁻¹), accounting for ∼0.0002% of the global Hg oceanic evasion (2000 t yr⁻¹). The new proposed data set offers a unique and original study on the potential outflow of Hg from the sea–air interface at the basin, and it represents an important step for a better comprehension of the processes occurring in the marine biogeochemical cycle of this element.     

Total Mercury Distribution in Different Tissues of Frigate Tuna (Auxis thazard thazard) from the Atlantic Coastal Waters of Ghana, Gulf of Guinea

Total mercury concentrations in different tissues of frigate tuna fish (Auxis thazard thazard) was determined by the cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry technique using an automatic mercury analyzer. A mixture of HNO₃, HClO₄ and H₂SO₄ was used for complete oxidation of organic tissue. The concentration of mercury obtained was in the order Gills < Stomach < Gonads < Intestine < Heart < Duodenum < Liver < Muscle. The concentration of total mercury detected in the edible muscle tissue of the tuna fish tested ranged from 0.044 to 0.201 μg g⁻¹ (mean = 0.108 μg g⁻¹) wet weight. These levels are all within the maximum allowed/recommended level in fish (0.5 μg g⁻¹ wet weight) set by the Food and Agriculture Organisation/World Health Organisation (FAO/WHO) and are therefore unlikely to constitute any significant mercury exposure to the general population because of consumption of tuna fish. The results of the study suggest a relatively clean marine environment that has not been significantly impacted by mercury contamination probably due to minimal industrial activity in the region.     

Kelp as a Bioindicator: Does it Matter Which Part of 5 M Long Plant is Used for Metal Analysis?

Kelp may be useful as a bioindicator because they are primary producers that are eaten by higher trophic level organisms, including people and livestock. Often when kelp or other algae species are used as bioindicators, the whole organism is homogenized. However, some kelp can be over 25 m long from their holdfast to the tip of the blade, making it important to understand how contaminant levels vary throughout the plant. We compared the levels of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury and selenium in five different parts of the kelp Alaria nana to examine the variability of metal distribution. To be useful as a bioindicator, it is critical to know whether levels are constant throughout the kelp, or which part is the highest accumulator. Kelp were collected on Adak Island in the Aleutian Chain of Alaska from the Adak Harbor and Clam Cove, which opens onto the Bering Sea. In addition to determining if the levels differ in different parts of the kelp, we wanted to determine whether there were locational or size-related differences. Regression models indicated that between 14% and 43% of the variation in the levels of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, manganese, mercury, and selenium was explained by total length, part of the plant, and location (but not for lead). The main contributors to variability were length (for arsenic and selenium), location (mercury), and part of the plant (for arsenic, cadmium, chromium and manganese). The higher levels of selenium occurred at Clam Cove, while mercury was higher at the harbor. Where there was a significant difference among parts, the holdfast had the highest levels, although the differences were not great. These data indicate that consistency should be applied in selecting the part of kelp (and the length) to be used as a bioindicator. While any part of Alaria could be collected for some metals, for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and manganese a conversion should be made among parts. In the Aleutians the holdfast can be perennial while the blade, whipped to pieces by winter wave action, is regrown each year. Thus the holdfast may be used for longer-term exposure for arsenic, cadmium, chromium and manganese, while the blade can be used for short-term exposure for all metals. Cadmium, lead and selenium were at levels that suggest that predators, including people, may be at risk from consuming Alaria. More attention should be devoted to heavy metal levels in kelp and other algae from Adak, particularly where they may play a role in a subsistence diets.     

Mercury and selenium in blue shark (Prionace glauca, L. 1758) and swordfish (Xiphias gladius, L. 1758) from two areas of the Atlantic Ocean

Muscle, liver and stomach contents of 64 blue sharks and 52 swordfishes, caught between September 2004 and February 2005 near the Azores (area A) and the Equator (area E), were analysed for mercury and selenium. Levels of mercury were relatively high (blue shark: 0.032-2.5microgg(-1); swordfish: 0.031-9.8microgg(-1)) and comparable to values reported in the literature. However, mercury and organic mercury concentrations in muscle and liver of specimens from E were significantly higher than those from A. A similar trend was registered in stomach contents, suggesting higher uptake of Hg in specimens from E. This difference was also observed in the relationship between concentration in muscle and size, indicating a higher accumulation rate in specimens from E. The accumulation of Se in the liver of both species showed a positive correlation with inorganic mercury concentrations, pointing to a detoxifying mechanism of organic mercury in these species through Se-Hg liasons.     

金膜吸附-冷原子吸收光谱法测定空气中的汞

采用新型金膜吸附-冷原子吸收光谱法测定空气中的汞,在0μg/L～100μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0．9991。方法检出限为1．6 ng/m3,RSD为0．5％～2．7％,测定两种不同浓度的汞标准样品,相对误差为6．1％和3．2％。与两种现行国标方法（巯基棉富集和高锰酸钾溶液吸附法）比较,该方法所需试剂种类少,操作简便、吸附效率好,加标回收率高。     

煤质样品中汞的直接测定

采用DMA-80型直接测汞仪测定煤中汞含量,样品经过筛（100目）预处理,干燥温度和时间分别为200 ℃和30 s,分解温度和时间分别为650 ℃和90 s,基体元素对测定无明显干扰。方法在高质量浓度（0.200 mg/L～10.0 mg/L）和低质量浓度（0.400 μg/L～200 μg/L）范围内均线性良好,对0.100 g煤质样品的最低检出限为0.4 μg/kg,平行测定的RSD＜5%,加标回收率＞97%,与原子荧光法的测定结果相一致。     

Remediation aspect of microbial changes of plant rhizosphere in mercury contaminated soil

Phytoremediation, an approach that uses plants to remediate contaminated soil through degradation, stabilization or accumulation, may provide an efficient solution to some mercury contamination problems. This paper presents growth chamber experiments that tested the ability of plant species to stabilize mercury in soil. Several indigenous herbaceous species and Salix viminalis were grown in soil collected from a mercury-contaminated site in southern Poland. The uptake and distribution of mercury by these plants were investigated, and the growth and vitality of the plants through a part of one vegetative cycle were assessed. The highest concentrations of mercury were found at the roots, but translocation to the aerial part also occurred. Most of the plant species tested displayed good growth on mercury contaminated soil and sustained a rich microbial population in the rhizosphere. The microbial populations of root-free soil and rhizosphere soil from all species were also examined. An inverse correlation between the number of sulfur amino acid decomposing bacteria and root mercury content was observed. These results indicate the potential for using some species of plants to treat mercury contaminated soil through stabilization rather than extraction. The present investigation proposes a practical cost-effective temporary solution for phytostabilization of soil with moderate mercury contamination as well as the basis for plant selection.