象山港表层沉积物中营养元素的分布特征及影响因素

通过对象山港表层沉积物中不同形态氮、磷含量的调查,分析了该海区表层沉积物中氮、磷的分布特征,象山港表层沉积物中氮、磷含量较高,已对底栖生物产生生态毒性;海产养殖是造成本海域营养元素超标的最主要因素,也是控制营养元素在空间和时间上变化的主要因素.     

大鹏湾海水环境要素与反曲原甲藻增殖的灰关联模型

通过反曲原甲藻种群增殖态势与环境要素的比较，建立关联度的排列顺序，运用灰色系统理论建立灰色模型｛ＧＭ（１，ｎ）｝。采用的方法是根据关联空间、光滑离散函数等概念，定义了灰导数和灰微分方程，进而用离散数据列建立灰色微分方程的动态模型。其结果是，浮游动物、ＤＯ、Ｆｅ和Ｍｎ对反曲原甲藻种群增殖态势具有密切的相关性。     

Geochronology of anthropogenic radionuclides in Ribeira Bay sediments, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Ribeira Bay is located approximately 130 km south of the city of Rio de Janeiro and receives discharges of liquid effluent from the Angra dos Reis nuclear power plant (NPP) site, where two pressurized water reactors are located. To test whether the presence of anthropogenic radionuclides in sediments in Ribeira Bay could be correlated to the NPP operations, we sampled seven sediment cores and determined accumulation rates and chronologies. Only one sediment core did not exhibit a superficial mixing layer; this sample was used for dating purposes. Cesium-137 and ²⁰⁷Bi were observed in this sediment profile, but their presence was associated with atmospheric fall-out rather than the nearby NPP. The exponential decay of ²¹⁰Pb concentration with sediment layer depth was verified below a superficial mixing layer for all other sediment cores. Calculated accumulation rates ranged from 1.2 mm y⁻¹ in the inner bay to 6.2 mm y⁻¹ close to its entrance.     

Time trends of perfluorinated compounds from the sediment core of Tokyo Bay, Japan (1950s-2004)

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were detected in sediment core samples collected in Tokyo Bay to reveal their time trends. The core sample deposited during 1950s-2004 was divided into two- to three-year intervals and the concentrations of 24 types of PFCs were determined. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) decreased gradually from the early 1990s and its precursor decreased rapidly in the late 1990s, whereas perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) increased rapidly. The observed trends were regarded as a reflection of the shift from perfluorooctyl sulfonyl fluoride (PFOSF)-based products to telomer-based products after the phaseout of PFOSF-based products in 2001. The branched isomers of perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) and perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) were detected in the sample with its ratio of linear-isomer/branched-isomer concentrations decreasing. In this study, we revealed that the sediment core can serve as a tool for reconstructing the past pollution trend of PFCs and can provide interesting evidence concerning their environmental dynamics and time trend.     

近岸海域区域环境质量综合评价体系构建及应用实例

建立了适用于我国现阶段海洋环境质量监测现状的基于水、沉积物和生物三大介质污染状况的近岸海域海洋环境质量综合状况评价体系,包括评价指标体系的选择、评价及等级分级标准的确定、评价流程的确定等内容。用所建立的综合评价体系对锦州湾海域进行了评价,评价结果表明,锦州湾海域总体状况较差,受到了严重污染,与锦州湾海域的实际污染状况相符,验证结果表明了该综合评价体系的适用性。     

三峡水库成库后支流库湾营养状态及营养盐输出

三峡水库成库后,对受成库影响的12条主要支流库湾营养状态及营养盐输出状况进行了初步研究.结果表明,支流库湾总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、高锰酸盐指数、叶绿素a含量和透明度差异较大,透明度范围为0.10～3.5 m,TN含量范围为0.535～7.47 mg·L-1,TP含量范围为0.016～0.835 mg·L-1,高锰酸盐指数范围为1.55～5.88 mg·L-1,叶绿素a范围为1.38～23.7 mg·m-3.支流受到不同程度污染,水体中N含量丰富,部分次级河流富营养化的限制因子为P.利用相关分析方法,分析了叶绿素a与营养盐之间的关系,叶绿素a与高锰酸盐指数呈显著正相关(r=0.6242,p＜0.01).利用综合营养状态指数法评价了次级河流富营养化程度,结果表明,5月和6月份分别有5条和8条支流达到富营养化水平,其余河流为中营养.三峡水库蓄水后,支流库湾的富营养化程度较成库前严重.12条次级河流排放TN、TP、高锰酸盐指数和NH4 -N分别为668、26.7、890和99.2 g·s-1.三峡水库完工后,因支流库湾区水体流速进一步减缓,富营养化趋势将加重.     

丰水期渤海湾水体中DOM的分布特征及来源

为了解丰水期渤海湾水体中污染物的来源,采用三维荧光光谱和紫外光谱,结合平行分子模型和相关性分析研究了渤海湾水体中DOM（溶解性有机质）的分布特征和来源,以期间接了解其他污染物的来源.结果表明：渤海湾水体DOM对荧光强度贡献率表现为近岸海域高,而远离海岸的海域低.DOM荧光光谱主要有高激发光色氨酸（S峰）、低激发光色氨酸（T峰）、类腐殖酸（A峰）和类富里酸（C峰）这四类荧光峰,类蛋白类荧光峰（S峰和T峰）在研究海域北部荧光强度贡献率较高,类腐殖质类（A峰和C峰）呈现近海岸高、远离海岸低的特征;渤海湾和入海河流荧光指数（FI）均在1.4左右,说明类腐殖质主要受到外源影响,大部分显示出强腐殖质化特征（HIX >3.0）,只有子研究区北部区域由于藻类暴发显示出强自生源特征（BIX >1.0）.紫外特征吸收波长结果显示渤海湾近岸海域类富里酸和类腐殖酸对紫外吸收系数的贡献率（20.18±4.04）%显著低于入海河流中的类富里酸和类腐殖酸贡献率（26.43±3.85）%,可能是由于入海河流输入DOM受到了海水盐度作用,高盐度海水会使DOM产生絮凝作用,随着悬浮物汇入海底沉积物中,使DOM中类富里酸和类腐殖酸对紫外吸收系数的贡献率降低.整体上渤海湾水体中DOM在丰水期受到外源河流输入影响较为显著,应加强对外源输入河流污染物的控制和管理.     

湛江港湾海域水质状况调查及其评价

根据 1 998年 1 1月到 2 0 0 1年 5月对湛江港湾海域 6期的监测结果 ,初步探讨了该海域环境因子的变化特征和营养水平。结果表明 ,该海域水质处于高氮状态 ,pH、SS、DO和CODcr的含量符合GB30 97- 1 997第二类海水水质标准 ;DIN和油类超过第二类海水水质标准 ;DRP含量的逐年增高 ,湛江港湾海域目前已处于中度富营养化水平阶段。     

胶州湾扇贝养殖污染负荷估算

基于对扇贝养殖的环境影响的分析,对扇贝筏式养殖的无机营养盐污染负荷的估算方法做了改进,把养殖海区沉积物垂直扩散再生的无机营齐盐和养殖扇贝排泄所产生的无机营养盐之和作为扇贝筏式养殖的N,P污染负荷量。并根据此方法时胶州湾扇贝养殖的N,P污染负荷量进行了分析和估算,为胶州湾扇贝养殖所产生N,P无机营养盐的浓度分布的模拟提供源强项。     

The Impact of Sewage Discharge on the Macroalgae Community in the Yellow Sea Coastal Area Around Qingdao,China

The dynamics of macroalgal communities and the impact of sewage on their growth were studied in the tidal zone around Zhanqiao Pier of the Qingdao coastal area, in the northwest of the Yellow Sea, China, from September 2001 to September 2003. The tidal zone of the study area is divided into western and eastern sections by the Zhanqiao Pier. Inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in seawater showed higher concentrations on the eastern side of Zhanqiao Pier than on the western side, because a sewer drains into the eastern side. The macroalgal communities on each side of the Pier showed an obvious difference due to the effect of this sewage discharge. A total of 47 macroalgal species including 10 greens, 11 browns and 26 reds was identified in this study. The species composition and biomass indicated higher values in the nutrient-rich area on the eastern side of Zhanqiao Pier compared with the nutrient-poor area on the western side of Zhanqiao Pier. Some ephemeral and filamentous species dominated seasonally on the eastern side of Zhanqiao Pier, in contrast to the western side where slow-growing species dominated throughout the year. Nutrient gradients and temperature were considered the main factors affecting the distribution of macroalgae communities in time and space. The results are consistent with the common observation that nutrient-poor areas are dominated by slow-growing rather than ephemeral algal species. Moreover, the species diversity in the whole study area had declined when compared to previous records.