工业区铺设道路的扬尘估算与地理信息系统

以上海市的吴淞工业区为研究对象,借鉴美国EPA提出的AP-42方法,利用动力学粒径谱仪的颗粒物粒径分析对公式系数进行修正,估算吴淞工业区2004年铺设道路不同粒径的扬尘量,并用Visual Basic语言和MapObjects2.0组件建立了道路扬尘的管理信息系统.结果表明,2004年吴淞工业区铺设道路的扬尘排放量为1.07万吨,其中PM2.5和PM10分别占15.1%和47.5%.     

大型石化企业危化品道路运输安全管理应用实践

分析了某大型石化企业危化品道路运输安全管理存在的问题以及采取的对策,阐述了该企业的做法和取得的成效,为行业提供借鉴。     

中国道路机动车10种污染物的排放量

为了定量分析中国道路交通过程机动车污染状况，综合利用MOBILE5模式和燃料消耗计算方法，在调查分析中国1995年(基准年)机动车基本数据基础上，建立了THC、NMVOC、CH4、CO、NOx、CO2、SO2、Pb、PM10、N2O等10种主要的机动车污染物排放因子和排放总量计算方法。计算结果表明，机动车排放的02、CH4、SO2、PMl0等污染物也不容忽视。     

青岛市区道路交通噪声及其控制对策研究

本文介绍了青岛市区道路交通及其噪声特点，分析了构成青岛市区道路交通噪声的主要影响因素，指出必须在合理规划道路、科学效能管理的基础尖的降噪技术措施，才能确定达到控制道路交通噪声的目的。     

郑州市道路网络结构特征对大气颗粒物污染的影响及尺度效应

交通排放是大气颗粒物(PM)污染主要来源之一,从道路网络空间结构探究大气颗粒物污染缓解途径,对治理城市空气污染具有重要意义。该研究数据来源于郑州市GF-2遥感影像及建成区8个空气质量监测点(AQMS)的日监测数据。以AQMS为中心建立1 km×1 km(Scale1)-6 km×6 km(Scale6)空间尺度的样方,运用主成分分析法和线性混合效应模型,探讨不同空间尺度下影响PM10、PM2.5质量浓度的关键性路网结构特征,为郑州市路网结构规划和空气污染治理提供科学依据。结果表明,(1)郑州市建成区各监测点的颗粒物质量浓度及变异性都有冬高夏低的特征。(2)郑州市路网结构对PM10质量浓度的影响程度高于PM2.5。(3)主干道面积占比与PM10在Scale1、Scale3-Scale5尺度正相关,与PM2.5仅在Scale5正相关;总道路及次干道面积占比与PM10在Scale2-Scale6均正相关,但与PM2.5仅在Scale5、Scale6尺度正相关。在Scale5的空间尺度下控制总道路及次干道面积占比、减少主干道面积占比,可以有效缓解PM10、PM2.5的污染。(4)路网连通复杂度在Scale2与PM10负相关,在Scale2尺度提升路网环通复杂度可以促进PM10污染的有效缓解。(5)节点与廊道数量水平在Scale1、Scale2与PM10负相关,在Scale1、Scale5与PM2.5负相关。通过在Scale1尺度提升节点与廊道数量水平可以同时有效缓解PM10、PM2.5污染。     

国道112线建设对生物多样性的影响分析

以国道112线丰宁至千松梁段为例，首先介绍了事例工程的基本情况和生物多样性的概念，而后从直接和间接两方面详细论述了公路建设对生物多样性的影响，最后得出简明结论。     

Lead Concentration and Composition of Organic Compounds in Settled Particles in Road Tunnels from the Caracas Valley-Venezuela

Settled particulate matter was collected in three heavily travelled roadway tunnels (Trinidad, Paraiso and El Valle) to be characterised in terms of lead concentration and composition of organic compounds. Atomic Emission Spectrometry with Inductively Coupled Plasma and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) were employed to isolate and identify Pb in acid extracts, and organic compounds in hexane and hexane-dichloromethane extracts. The results for lead analysis reveal that the total concentration present in each tunnel ranges from 5500 to 1260gg^–1. This figure indicates a relatively low concentration of lead for settled particles, compared with those reported for suspended particles in this kind of environment, which suggests the lead fractionating between settled and suspended particles in the Caracas Valley area. Thermogravimetric analysis shows the presence of total carbon (total organic carbon + carbonate), to be between 10% and 20% of the total sample. Of this total carbon, 55% is under carbonate (calcite) form and 45% as organic carbon, mostly in the form of tire residues. A fraction of this organic carbon (1%) is soluble in organic solvent (hexane-dichloromethane). The analysis of saturated hydrocarbons showed a similar distribution pattern for each sample. The n-alkane, terpane and sterane compounds, closely resemble those present in gasoline and lubricant additives. The aromatic fraction also displays very similar patterns for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons constituted by alkyl dibenzothiophene, phenanthrene, pyrene and chrysene. The distribution of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the samples was found to be very similar to those in the diesel fuel used by heavy truck vehicles.     

Effects of Roads on the Structure of Freshwater Turtle Populations

Abstract:  Road mortality has the potential to alter the structure of turtle populations because turtle populations are highly sensitive to additive sources of adult mortality. To address the issue, we captured painted turtles (   Chrysemys picta ; n = 174) and snapping turtles (   Chelydra serpentina ; n = 56) in 18 wetlands surrounded by low road density (≤1.5 km roads/km² of landscape) and 17 wetlands surrounded by high road density (>1.5 km/km²) in central New York in 2002. High road density was associated with male-biased sex ratios in painted turtles (74% vs. 54% males; p = 0.01) and snapping turtles (95% vs. 74% males; p = 0.08), whereas turtle morphology and abundance were not associated with road density. Disproportionate road mortality of females on nesting migrations is the most likely cause of skewed sex ratios.     

云南公路建设中的水土流失及其防治

公路建设会带来一系列的环境问题，其中主要为施工期引起的水土流失。本文对公路主体工程、辅助工程施工产生的水土流失及公路营运期水土流失进行分析，并提出一些防治对策。     

城市高架公路新型声屏障设计、试验及应用

探讨了声屏障的声学设计、结构设计、强度设计方法 ,介绍了新型城市高架公路声屏障的试验室测试结果和应用情况 ,这种声屏障平均吸声系数为 0 7,平均隔音量为 30dB ,是控制城市高架公路噪声的有效设施 ,在上海外环线应用取得良好效果