内蒙古黄土丘陵地区生态农业试点建设途径初探

分析了内蒙古自治区和林格尔县羊群沟村生态环境特点及农业持续发展制约因素及潜力，总结了在黄土丘陵地区进行生态农业建设的措施和途径，对羊群沟村进行生态农业建设３年来所取得的综合效益进行了分析。     

昭通地区生态环境现状及防治对策

昭通地区自然生态环境变化趋势表现为沙化、水土流失面积扩大，而森林、水域、草地却不断缩小。为此，应用坚持预测为主，防治兼顾的方针，对立节水型经济，加大生态保护监管力度，提高管理水平，加强生态环境保护的宣传教育。     

涪陵地区农田径流水体中三氮含量及分布特征

本文在涪陵地区大面积和定点采集了农田径流水样品，测定了径流水体中的三氮含量。探讨了径流水体三氮随产流时间的变化，分析了干旱时间，水体流动等因素对三氮含量的影响。结果表明，干旱时间，径流水体流动对三氮含量有一定的影响。经统计分析，涪陵地区农田径流水体中的ＮＨ３－Ｎ，ＮＯ３＾－－Ｎ，ＮＯ２＾－－Ｎ和Ｔ－Ｎ含量分别为０．８４０，０．９７０，０．１０７和２．０７ｍｇ／ｌ。     

博州生态经济建设的对策研究

对博州地区丰富的自然资源,气候条件,优良的环境质量和丰富的物产,以及现有的水资源、森林、草原和矿产资源等优势资源做了全面的介绍,分析发展生态经济的环境背景和有利条件。以农村生态经济建设、新型工业生态经济建设和特色旅游生态经济建设为重点,探讨了博州生态经济建设的对策和措施。为加快区域生态经济建设和发展,实现发展社会经济和保护生态环境的"双赢",建立经济、社会、自然良性循环的复合型生态系统做了有益的探索研究。     

民族文化生态旅游品牌对策研究——以湘西土家族苗族自治州为例

随着湘西地区旅游的兴起,提出建设＂民族文化生态旅游＂品牌,通过深入湘西地区实地调研,根据民族文化生态旅游概念的界定,分析了湘西地区建设民族文化生态旅游品牌建设当前存在的问题,并提出了具体对策。     

四川阿坝州特色水果产业现状及其发展方向

高山峡谷区是阿坝州生态环境脆弱和人口密度大的区域,特色水果是与该区域环境、资源与气候特点相适应的传统优势产业。近年来,在特色水果新品种引进、基地建设和产业体系建设方面取得了较大的进展,特色水果产业快速发展,已成为该区域生态农业发展、农民增收和产业结构调整的重要支柱产业。对阿坝州特色水果产业发展的现状与目前存在的问题进行了全面的分析,为该产业今后的发展指出了方向。     

区域贸易规划环境影响评价的研究——以云南省德宏州为例

随着中国实行更加积极主动的开放战略,越来越多的区域规划涉及贸易活动内容,贸易活动在中国推动经济增长的同时,也造成了环境压力,因此将区域贸易规划纳入环境影响评价(简称环评)制度是大势所趋。首先研究了贸易活动对环境的影响机制,通过"自由贸易→经济活动→环境影响"的链式反应分析,从规模、结构、技术效应3个方面进行环境影响途径分解;探讨了区域贸易规划环评的工作流程;其次,根据贸易对环境影响效应理论,提出区域贸易规划的环评方法;最后,以《云南瑞丽重点开发开放试验区建设总体规划》的德宏州贸易规划环评为案例,进行了实证研究。该研究可为中国未来区域贸易规划环评提供一定指导与借鉴。     

What humanlike errors do autonomous vehicles need to avoid to maximize safety?

Introduction: The final failure in the causal chain of events in 94% of crashes is driver error. It is assumed most crashes will be prevented by autonomous vehicles (AVs), but AVs will still crash if they make the same mistakes as humans. By identifying the distribution of crashes among various contributing factors, this study provides guidance on the roles AVs must perform and errors they must avoid to realize their safety potential. Method: Using the NMVCCS database, five categories of driver-related contributing factors were assigned to crashes: (1) sensing/perceiving (i.e., not recognizing hazards); (2) predicting (i.e., misjudging behavior of other vehicles); (3) planning/deciding (i.e., poor decision-making behind traffic law adherence and defensive driving); (4) execution/performance (i.e., inappropriate vehicle control); and (5) incapacitation (i.e., alcohol-impaired or otherwise incapacitated driver). Assuming AVs would have superior perception and be incapable of incapacitation, we determined how many crashes would persist beyond those with incapacitation or exclusively sensing/perceiving factors. Results: Thirty-three percent of crashes involved only sensing/perceiving factors (23%) or incapacitation (10%). If they could be prevented by AVs, 67% could remain, many with planning/deciding (41%), execution/performance (23%), and predicting (17%) factors. Crashes with planning/deciding factors often involved speeding (23%) or illegal maneuvers (15%). Conclusions: Errors in choosing evasive maneuvers, predicting actions of other road users, and traveling at speeds suitable for conditions will persist if designers program AVs to make errors similar to those of today’s human drivers. Planning/deciding factors, such as speeding and disobeying traffic laws, reflect driver preferences, and AV design philosophies will need to be consistent with safety rather than occupant preferences when they conflict. Practical applications: This study illustrates the complex roles AVs will have to perform and the risks arising from occupant preferences that AV designers and regulators must address if AVs will realize their potential to eliminate most crashes.     

哈密地区生态环境规划之我见

对哈密地区的生态环境进行了大量调查,基本摸清了生态环境的现状。在此基础上,对哈密地区生态环境的远景规划提出了一些建设性意见,特别是生态规划原则和相应的对策措施,具有一定的借鉴意义。     

卫星遥感与地理信息系统在淮阴市可持续发展中的应用

本文通过淮阴市卫星遥感与地理信息系统应用示范研究的实践,探讨地级市资源环境信息系统在国土规划和区域可持续发展中的应用。