福州盆地钻孔沉积物记录的MIS3以来海侵—海退过程

通过对福州盆地首山路ZKCS钻孔岩芯的AMS 14C及光释光(OSL)年代测试、岩性特征、黏土浑浊水电导率值和地球化学元素测定、粒度分析以及硅藻鉴定,对钻孔沉积物的沉积环境进行分析,并与ZK004钻孔结果进行对比,结合全球古气候及区域构造记录,确认首山路ZKCS钻孔记录了两次完整的海侵—海退旋回,第一次海侵结束时间约50 ka,第二次海侵发生在全新世期间.两次海侵发生的主要原因不同,第一次海侵发生在MIS3早期,对应于前人命名的"福州海侵",主要原因是区域构造下沉,加之此时古气候变暖引发海面上升;之后由于盆地内部的不均匀沉降,再次发生抬升,导致ZKCS钻孔记录的海侵较早结束、海侵层埋深较浅;全新世海侵即前人命名的"长乐海进",强度比前一期强,为冰后期全球气候变暖和海面上升共同作用的结果,其次可能还伴随着盆地的下陷.     

Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.     

有机磷农药对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制作用及QSAR研究

以碘化硫代乙酰胆碱为底物,二硫代二硝基苯甲酸为显色剂,采用分光光度法测定了21种有机磷农药对乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的半抑制浓度(IC₅₀).运用多元线性回归分析以及参数间的自相关分析建立有机磷农药对AChE抑制作用的QSAR模型.模型分析表明,有机磷农药对AChE的抑制作用主要受特定方向上的原子极化率及原子的电拓扑状态的影响,是多因素综合作用的结果.模型可解释高达78%的数据变异和显著的预测能力(q²=0.653),表明有机磷农药对AChE的抑制作用可借助结构活性关系模型进行预测与评价.     

低浓度五氯酚对鲫鱼血液细胞毒性的体外研究

通过细胞体外毒性试验,研究了低浓度五氯酚对鲫鱼血液淋巴细胞和红细胞的毒性影响.结果表明:在2.50—1000.00μg·l-1范围内,五氯酚对鲫鱼淋巴细胞的活性没有显著效应,但在500.00和1000.00μg·l-1(高浓度组)时,对淋巴细胞膜的完整性产生显著影响,造成乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)相对释放量增加,并随五氯酚浓度的增加和暴露时间的延长而增加.低浓度五氯酚组(5.00—1000.00μg·l-1)对红细胞溶血没有显著影响,但与二苯并[a,h]蒽联合作用产生协同效应,红细胞溶血效应明显高于两种化合物单独作用,并且随浓度的增加,血色素相对释放量显著增加.另外,鲫鱼淋巴细胞膜的完整性(LDH的释放)比淋巴细胞活性和红细胞溶血对低浓度五氯酚更敏感.     

棉花VA菌根的形成与土壤几丁质酶活相关性的研究

盆栽条件下，对棉花ＶＡ菌根的形成与根区土壤中几丁质酶活的相关性及其动态变化的研究结果表明．接种ＶＡ菌根真菌Ｇｌｏｍｕｓｍｏｓｓｅａｅ形成的菌根可促进解几丁质微生物的增殖，并能诱导出较高的土壤几丁质酶活性．酶活增长与菌很感染率成正相关；接种ＶＡ菌根真菌的处理与未接种对照比较，差异显著或极显著．     

水田中水稻、稗草和异型莎草甲烷排放的生物学特性

比较了生长于淹水田间的水稻、稗草和异型莎草甲烷排放的生物学特性。结果表明，三种植物的甲烷排放量次序为稗草＞水稻＞异型莎草，前两者的甲烷排放量分别为后者的１１倍和８．４倍。但这个次序刚好与这三种植物根系甲烷形成活性的次序相反。观察了三种植物甲烷排放的日周期变化。稗草和水稻根际土壤的产甲烷活性高于非根际土壤，而异型莎草的根际和非根际土壤的产甲烷活性之间无明显差异。还观察到稗草和水稻的叶鞘和茎杆连接节处的间隙是甲烷逸入大气的主要途径，而异型莎草则未见有可供甲烷排放的间隙与气孔。     

絮凝剂产生菌培养基的研究

进行了微生物絮凝剂培养基类型选择试验和培养基成分正交试验，实验结果显示，高糖低氮的培养基有利于产絮凝剂，单糖尤其是葡萄糖对产絮凝剂影响最大，果糖缺少时也不利于絮凝剂的产生；氮源以有机氮源如酵母膏、蛋白胨为宜。利用正交实验得出培养基成分最佳配比，图1表4参14。     

1999年9月21日台湾7.6级大震预报讨论

介绍了用三性法（周期性,公度性,黄金分割性）对１９９９年９月２１日台湾７．６级大震的三要素预报,并用构造分段公式,“静中动判据”补充作了讨论。鉴于短监预报的重要,我们还用样暴倍九律,即预滑－磁暴－天气韵律模式对９．２１大震的发震日期的预报作了讨论。     

负载型汽车尾气催化剂简介

本文就近年来对负载型汽车尾气催化剂的研究进展进行综述,侧重说明其组成配方,性能的影响因素,及相关的结构研究。讨论了催化剂制备工艺,添加剂的作用,催化剂种类,催化剂失活原因和表征方法     

Insights into the changes of amino acids,microbial community,and enzymatic activities related with the nutrient quality of product during the composting of food waste

● The highest seed germination index was achieved at 0.3 g/g total solids of food waste. ● Proline was identified as the key amino acid related with the composting process. ● Amino acid metabolism sequences predominated during the whole composting process. This study systematically investigated the changes of amino acids as the composting process of food waste proceeded. It is found that the addition of 0.3 g/g total solids of food waste achieved the highest seed germination index of the product (268 %). The microbial community results indicated that the abundance of amino acid metabolism sequences remained at high levels during the whole composting process. Proline was identified as the key amino acid related with the nutrient quality of product during the composting of food waste. Further plant germination and hydroponic experiments found, that compared with those without the addition of proline, the addition of 50 mg/L proline increased seed germination rate by 20 %, increased shoot length by 3 %, increased root biomass of seedlings by 82 %, and increased leaf biomass of seedlings by 76 %, respectively. Firmicutes, γ-Pseudomonadota, Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes were the key identified bacteria related with the increase of proline during the composting of food waste. Meanwhile, the enzymatic tests of the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and malondialdehyde indicated that proline did not cause oxidative damage on the growth of plants. This study provided novel insights into the changes of amino acids, microbial community, and enzymatic activities related with the nutrient quality of product during the composting of food waste.