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161.
Zuzana Hrevuov Michal Hejcman Vilm V. Pavl Josef Hakl Michaela Klaudisov Jií Mrkvi
ka 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2009,130(3-4):123-130
The resilience, the ability of an ecosystem to recover after termination of perturbation, of highly productive Alopecurus grassland was investigated after the cessation of the following long-term fertilizer treatments applied under a two- or three-cut management regime: unfertilized control, PK, N100PK, N200PK, N300PK and N400PK. Annual application rates of pure nutrients per hectare were 0–400 kg for N, 40 kg for P and 100 kg for K. The dynamics of biomass production were measured for 16 years and the effect of former fertilizer treatments on soil chemical properties, biomass chemical properties, plant species composition and species richness were investigated 16 years after the last application of fertilizers. It was concluded that 16 years was not long enough to achieve resilience in plant-available soil P and K concentrations, N/P ratios in the plant biomass or plant species composition, but that it was long enough to achieve resilience in species richness. In the case of biomass production the effect of former fertilizer treatments was apparent in 10 of the 16 seasons investigated, indicating that resilience in biomass production must be evaluated using data from more than 1 vegetation season. The results of the study stress the necessity for long-term research because of high year-to-year variability in biomass production as well as long-term after-effects of fertilizer treatments in alluvial grassland. 相似文献
162.
163.
Macrophytes are usually chosen for phytoremediation tools to remove P in eutrophic aquatic ecosystems, but the lack of test methods hinders the understanding of removal mechanism and application. In this study, we used the novel technologies combined of Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), Planar optode (PO), and Non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT) to explore P dynamics in water-sediment continuum and rhizosphere of Potamogeton crispus over time. Results of the high-resolution in situ measurement showed that labile P(LPDGT) fluxes at the surficial sediment significantly decreased from approximate 120, 140, and 200 pg/ (cm2?sec) via 30 days incubation period to 17, 40, and 56 pg/(cm2?sec) via that of 15 days. Obvious synchronous increase of LPDGT was not detected in overlying water, suggesting the intense assimilation of dissolve reactive P via root over time. PO measurement indicated that O2 concentration around the rhizosphere remarkably increased and radially diffused into deeper sediment until 100% saturation along with the root stretch downwards. NMT detection of roots showed the obvious O2 inflow into root tissue with the uppermost flux of 30 pmol/(cm2?sec) from surroundings via aerenchyma on different treatment conditions. Different from previous reports, gradually saturating O2 concentrations around the rhizosphere was principally driven by O2 penetration through interspace attributing to root stretch downward rather than root O2 leakage. Increased O2 concentrations in deep sediment over time finally induced the oxidization of labile Fe(II) into Fe(III) bound P and local P immobilization. 相似文献
164.
为提高Anammox菌对各种操作条件的应变能力,扩大该技术在实际工程上的应用范围,对Anammox反应器在不同操作条件下的脱氮性能及其菌群的迁移转化规律进行试验性研究。292 d的实验数据表明,Anammox反应器在充足无机碳源环境、室温环境以及高盐环境下均可高效稳定的运行,且在室温为(23±2)℃、污泥量为22 g-MLSS/L下最高氮负荷达20.5 kg/m3.d,根据DNA结果,此阶段KU2约占反应器内所有菌群的75%,说明此类菌群对低温高负荷条件具有很强的生存性。此外,当进水盐度为30 g/L时,Anammox反应器仍可进行高效脱氮处理,而DNA结果显示,此阶段反应器内KU2所占比例降至36.5%,说明进水中的高盐度对KU2的富集具有消极意义。有关Anammox菌对高盐环境长期适应性及菌群变化的研究尚少,仍需进一步探讨。 相似文献
165.
随着内分泌干扰物的危害不断得到人们的重视,壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的研究成为了水处理的热点。目前检测水样中壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的主要方法是采用GC-MS和HPLC,预处理主要采用固相萃取。近年来倍受关注的深度处理工艺如活性炭、树脂吸附法,以及光催化降解和生物降解法能有效的去除水中的壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚。 相似文献
166.
通过静态模拟试验,研究了沉水植物水蕴草[Elodeadensa(Planch.)Casp.]对5种不同程度富营养化水体中氮、磷的去除能力。实验结果表明,水蕴草在5种不同程度富营养化水体中均能正常生长,且对水体中的氮、磷均表现出良好的净化效果。5种不同程度富营养化水体的TN、NO3-N、NH4-N、TP浓度分别由初始的3~36、2.25~27、1.2~9、1.2~14.4 mg/L降至0.29~6.82、0.3~5.8、0~1.035、0.022~5.51 mg/L。在模拟的不同营养浓度条件下,水蕴草对5种水体中TN、NO3-N、NH4-N、TP的累积去除率分别为:17%~28%、62%~88%、30%~70%、60%~100%。研究同时发现,水蕴草可以较好地净化不同程度的富营养化水体,并能保持清洁水体水质。 相似文献
167.
168.
Kunichika?NakamiyaEmail author Tohru?Furuichi Kazuei?Ishii Ikuo?Souda 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2004,6(1):35-40
The degradation rate of dioxins added to the activated sludge from a leachate treatment plant of a landfill under denitrification conditions was estimated using six bioreactors. Over 99% of the added dioxins (600ng) were degraded within 7 days. Furthermore, continuous cultivation was carried out for 1 month. The activated sludge degraded 600ng of dioxins (that is, all of the added dioxins) placed in each reactor every 7 days, and this activity was maintained for 35 days. Under aerobic conditions with this sludge, the dioxins were not degraded in 7 days, but 90% of the 600ng of dioxins was degraded in 35 days. The high level of activity observed in the present study may only occur under anaerobic conditions, especially under denitrifying conditions. 相似文献
169.
Graphene-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron:Removal of phosphorus from aqueous solution and mechanistic study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fenglin Liu JingHe Yang Jiane Zuo Ding M Lili Gan Bangmi Xie Pei Wang Bo Yang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(8):1751-1762
Excess phosphorus from non-point pollution sources is one of the key factors causing eutrophication in many lakes in China,so finding a cost-effective method to remove phosphorus from non-point pollution sources is very important for the health of the aqueous environment. Graphene was selected to support nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI)for phosphorus removal from synthetic rainwater runoff in this article. Compared with nZVI supported on other porous materials,graphene-supported nZVI(G-nZVI) could remove phosphorus more efficiently. The amount of nZVI in G-nZVI was an important factor in the removal of phosphorus by G-nZVI,and G-nZVI with 20 wt.% nZVI(20% G-nZVI)could remove phosphorus most efficiently. The nZVI was very stable and could disperse very well on graphene,as characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy were used to elucidate the reaction process,and the results indicated that Fe-O-P was formed after phosphorus was adsorbed by G-nZVI. The results obtained from X-ray diffraction(XRD) indicated that the reaction product between nZVI supported on graphene and phosphorus was Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O(Vivianite). It was confirmed that the specific reaction mechanism for the removal of phosphorus with nZVI or G-nZVI was mainly due to chemical reaction between nZVI and phosphorus. 相似文献
170.
Forrest E. Dierberg 《Environmental management》1992,16(3):371-380
Following a period of prolonged drought or intentional lake level drawdown, large littoral areas that once contained submersed
aquatic vegetation (SAV) are reinundated when lake levels rise. A complete assessment of the contribution made by decomposing
SAV to the in-lake phosphorus (P) concentration is important in both the management of Lake Okeechobee and understanding basic
P processes. The P contribution to the open waters of Lake Okeechobee from a rapid inundation of exposed SAV was calculated
by four methods: cores of field-desiccated SAV, cores of lab-desiccated SAV in the presence and absence of sediments, in situ
decomposition, and sequential macrophyte harvesting. P releases, given such an episodic event, were similar among the four
methods, ranging from 116±48 to 384±528 mg/m2 in the absence of sediment. When SAV is in contact with sediment, which is the realistic field situation, the amount of P
released was four times less (30±14 mg/m2) than in the absence of sediment. The calculated P releases would result in total P concentration increases in the lake from
2 to 15 μg/liter (upper 95% CI=2–25 μg/liter) in the absence of sediment; only 1 μg/liter increase was predicted when SAV
released P in contact with sediment. Thus it is unlikely that a significant rise in total P concentrations in the limnetic
zone of the lake would occur from the export of P released during the desiccation of SAV in the littoral-marsh zone during
a drawdown. 相似文献