氟喹诺酮类抗生素在水环境中的去除研究综评

介绍了水环境中氟喹诺酮类抗生素的危害,分析了其在污泥吸附、微生物降解和光降解作用下的去除机理。综述了去除氟喹诺酮类抗生素的常规处理技术（活性污泥法和人工湿地）、深度处理技术（高级氧化和膜处理）,以及新型处理技术（超声降解、土壤渗滤系统和生物电强化）的研究进展与优劣,指出不同反应体系的去除机理和途径不一致,需要针对多相、多污染介质的复杂实际环境开展进一步研究。     

海三棱藨草对崇明东滩沉积物磷素分布的影响

以海三棱藨草为例,运用实验模拟的方法,通过根际、近根和远根沉积物的对比分析,运用根际微生物作用理论,研究了大型植物对潮滩沉积物磷分布及迁移转化的影响。实验结果表明,海三棱藨草通过根系对磷的吸收和自身有机质降解,在沉积物里形成了水平的和垂直的浓度梯度,干扰了磷的正常累积和迁移。通过吸收,海三棱藨草对崇明东滩沉积物中磷的净化速率为16.7~46.1 mg·cm-2·d-1。     

Role of microorganisms and macrofauna in benthic phosphorus dynamics in the po river--Adriatic Sea frontal system: An experimental approach

Sediment biotic and abiotic attributes were determined during the PRISMA II oceanographic campaigns in the northern and central Adriatic Sea. The radiotracer orthophosphate 32 P was used under laboratory conditions to analyse the role of micro- and macrofauna in phosphorus dynamics at the water-sediment interface. Effects of infaunal suspensivores on microfungal growth were also investigated. Our findings emphasised: 1) significant differences in sediment 32 P uptake as related to the sampling area, occurrence of the pelagic frontal system, sediment grain size, microbial activity, and anoxia; 2) the crucial role played in 32 P dynamics by different tropho-functional groups r - r i.e ., infaunal filter-feeders and epifaunal detritivore characterising the benthic community of the northern Adriatic basin. The significant changes in ergosterol concentration (adopted as an index of microfungal growth) observed in sediments subjected to infaunal activity, eventually provided a comprehensive insight into macrofauna-microorganism interactions. The potential impact of macrofaunal activity in phosphorus dynamics in the Adriatic benthic system is discussed.     

Biosorption of Direct Yellow 12 from aqueous solution using green alga Ulva lactuca

The potential of commonly available green alga Ulva lactuca was investigated as viable biomaterials for removal of synthetic azo dye (Direct Yellow 12, DY-12) from aqueous solution. The results obtained from the batch experiments revealed that the ability of the U. lactuca to remove DY-12 from its aqueous solution was dependent on the dye concentration, pH, and algal biomass but less dependent on the particle size of the U. lactuca. The equilibrium conditions and kinetics of adsorption were investigated, and the adsorption kinetic was consistent with the pseudo-second-order model (R ²=1). The adsorption isotherm followed only the Freundlich model with a correlation coefficient R ²=0.99. This study demonstrated that the U. lactuca could be used as an effective biosorbent for the removal of DY-12 from its aqueous solution.     

Trap mortality in mark-recapture studies

When animals die in traps in a mark-recapture study, straightforward likelihood inferences are possible in a class of models. The class includes M₀, M_t, and M_b as reported by White et al. (Los Alamos National Laboratory, LA-8787-NERP, pp 235, 1982), those that do not involve heterogeneity. We include three Markov chain “persistence” models and show that they provide good fits in a trapping study of deer mice in the Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument of Southern Oregon where trapping mortality was high.

Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by eight strains of microalgae and their growth characteristics in Penaeus vannamei sewage北大核心CSCD

Microalgae are the most important primary productive forces in shrimp aquaculture systems. Microalgae not only provide oxygen and natural food for aquaculture objects, but they also absorb nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to reduce water eutrophication. However, there are great differences in N and P absorption among different strains of microalgae. To maintain the sustainable development of shrimp aquaculture, the growth performances of eight microalgal strains in Penaeus vannamei sewage and N and P removal rates were investigated under laboratory conditions. The results indicated that the eight microalgal strains could reduce the N and P content in P. vannamei sewage to some extent. Microcystis aeruginosa, Chlamydomonas sp., and Chlorella pyrenoidosa grew very well, with average growth rates of 0.309 3, 0.246 9, and 0.215 5, respectively. There were significant differences in the removal efficiency among the different strains. The removal rates of total N by M. aeruginosa, Chlamydomonas sp., and C. pyrenoidosa were 74%, 69%, and 60%, respectively, at the end of the experiment, which were higher than the other species. M. aeruginosa and Chlamydomonas sp. had better total P removal efficiency than those of the other microalgal strains and removal rates were greater than 60%, and the second highest total P removal efficiency was by C. pyrenoidosa. Different types of microalgal strains had different absorption rates of different morphological nitrogen. M. aeruginosa and Chlamydomonas sp. had the highest nitrate nitrogen removal rate (approximately 70%). Chlamydomonas sp. had a fast and persistent removal rate of ammonia nitrogen, with the removal rate being as high as 100%. The removal efficiency of M. aeruginosa and C. pyrenoidosa were a little slower, and those of Scenedesmus obliquus, Synedra sp., and Navicula graciloides were the slowest. After 16 d, the removal rate reached more than 90%. Cryptomonas obovate and C. pyrenoidosa displayed the best removal rate of nitrite nitrogen, and the removal rate reached 80% on day 8, and the removal rate of C. obovata was more persistent. These results can provide scientific reference for the orientation and use of microalgae to remove pollutants in tailings water from shrimp aquaculture systems. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Occurrence of veterinary antibiotics in struvite recovery from swine wastewater by using a fluidized bed

Antibiotics in wastewater pose pharmacological threats to phosphorous recovery. Recovered struvite particles possessed significantly antibiotic residues. Smaller granules contained much more antibiotics than the larger ones. Organic matters and struvite granulation process exerted significant impacts. Recovering phosphorus from livestock wastewater has gained extensive attention. The residue of veterinary antibiotics in the wastewater may be present in the recovered products, thereby posing pharmacological threats to the agricultural planting and human health. This study investigated antibiotic occurrence in the struvite particles recovered from swine wastewater by using a fluidized bed. Results revealed that tetracyclines possessed significant residues in the struvite granules, with the values ranging from 195.2 mg·kg⁻¹ to 1995.0 mg·kg⁻¹. As for fluoroquinolones, their concentrations varied from 0.4 mg·kg⁻¹ to 1104.0 mg·kg⁻¹. Struvite particles were of various sizes and shapes and displayed different antibiotic adsorption capacities. The data also showed that the smaller granules contained much more antibiotics than the larger ones, indicating that the fluidized granulation process of struvite crystals plays an important role on the accumulation of antibiotics. For tetracyclines, organic matters and struvite adsorption exerted significant impacts on tetracyclines migration. The outcomes underscore the need to consider the residues of antibiotics in resource recovery from wastewater because they exert pharmacological impacts on the utilization of recovered products.     

磷(P)在天然沉积物-水界面上的吸附

考虑到已吸附在沉积物上的那部分可交换态P,从经典的Langmuir吸附等温线模型出发,推导出适合描述P在已有P污染的沉积物上吸附定量数学模型,并用此模型对P在6个太湖沉积物样品上吸附实验数据进行了拟合．拟合结果得到最大吸附容量(Γmax),Langmuir吸附平衡常数(k)．利用所得的拟合参数通过公式计算方法得到原有易交换态P(NAP),临界磷平衡浓度(Cmp),以及固-液分配系数Kp值．最后通过线性回归数据分析方法发现分配系数Kp,吸附容量Γmax都与沉积物中活性态Fe和Al含量呈良好的线性关系,表明太湖沉积物中活性Fe和Al是对P持留的主要作用．     

不同滤料除铁除锰效果研究

具有除铁除锰能力的滤料品种和产地不同,其物理吸附能力、对化学氧化的催化作用也不同,因此,在相同环境条件下,除铁除锰的效果也不同。针对这一问题选取了三种滤料进行试验研究,并对其中的一种进行了微生物接种。试验研究表明所有滤料对铁都有较好的去除效果,出水铁含量均低于0.30mg/L的水质标准。而锰的去除效果受滤料性质影响较明显。     

潜流人工湿地系统对污染物的去除与转化机理

潜流人工湿地通过硝化、反硝化、累积、降解、络合、吸附、沉淀、拦截等作用实现对去污水中TSS、有机物、N、P、金属以及病原菌的去除。这些作用发生在水体中、植物表面、湿地表面和底部的垃圾积累物中,或发生在根区系统而使污染物得以去除。