Interspecific competition effects on phosphorus accumulation by Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans

The competition between submersed plants has been recognized as an important factor influencing the structure of plant communities in shallow lakes. The ability of different species to take up and store nutrients from the surrounding ambience varies, and hence plant community structure might be expected to affect the cycling of nutrients in lake ecosystems. In this study, the uptake of phosphorus by Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans was studied and compared in monoculture and competitive mixed-culture plantings. Results showed that for both studied species the phosphorus concentrations of different tissues and of whole plants was unaffected by competition. However, the quantity of phosphorus accumulated by whole plants of H. verticillata was significantly higher in mixture culture than in monoculture, while that of V. natans was lower in the mixed culture. The results indicated that H. verticillata has a competitive advantage over V. natans, when the two species are grown in competition, and is able to accumulate a greater quantity of phosphorus.     

Comparative study of heavy metal and pathogenic bacterial contamination in sludge and manure in biogas and non-biogas swine farms

The objective of this study is to determine and compare the heavy metal (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) and bacterial (E. coli, coliform and Salmonella spp.) contamination between swine farms utilizing biogas and non-biogas systems in the central part of Thailand. Results showed that average levels of E. coli, coliform, BOD, COD, Zn, Cu and Pb in sludge from the post-biogas pond were higher than the standard limits. Moreover, the levels of E. coli, coliform, Cd and Pb were also higher than the standard limits for dry manure. The levels of E. coli, coliform and BOD on biogas farms were lower than on non-biogas farms. Following isolation of Salmonella spp:; it was found that Salmonella serovars Rissen was the most abundant at 18.46% (12/65), followed by Anatum 12.31% (8/65), and Kedougou 9.23% (6/65). The pathogenic strains of Salmonella serovars Paratyphi B var. java and Typhimurium were present in equal amounts at 4.62% (3/65) in samples from all swine farms. This study revealed that significant reduction in E. coli and coliform levels in sludge from covered lagoon biogas systems on swine farms. The presence of Salmonella as well as Cd and Pb, in significant amount in dry manure, suggests that there is a high probability of environmental contamination if it is used for agricultural purposes. Thus, careful waste and manure disposal from swine farms and the regular monitoring of wastewater is strongly recommended to ensure the safety of humans, other animals and the environment.     

不同进水条件对SBR工艺脱氮除磷效能的影响

采用人工配水,研究进水在不同pH值,碳源类型,碳氮比条件下,厌氧/好氧/缺氧(A/O/A)sBR工艺对生物法脱氮除磷效能的影响.结果表明:不同的进水条件对反应器的影响较大,当pH值为7.5,乙酸钠为碳源,碳氮比为1.4时,反应器运行效果最佳,系统对PO43--P,NH4+-N的去除率分别达到97.28%,99.5%.N...     

受污染地表水的生物毒性效应分析

针对以非常规水源补水的受污染地表水的生态安全问题,文章以北京地区受污染河水为试验用水,利用多组生物效应试验(发光菌、大型蚤和仔鱼)进行急性生物毒性检测,并与污水厂二级出水和再生水厂出水水质进行比较.结果表明:受污染地表水在浓缩倍数达50倍时,发光细菌相对抑制率达到50％以上,大型蚤和仔鱼的急性毒性试验死亡率均达到100...     

诱导结晶磷回收技术处理低浓度含磷废水研究

诱导结晶技术是近年发展的新型废水处理技术。采用自设计的诱导结晶反应器,反应器形式与Phosnix相似,但结构相对简单,无Phosnix反应器的内外同心筒结构,并增加了过渡区。研究了HRT、[PO43-]、[Ca2+]/[PO43-]对诱导结晶处理低浓度含磷废水的影响规律,并以实验室双泥系统厌氧上清液为原水,考察了结晶反应器长期运行效果。研究表明,在一定范围增加HRT、[PO43-]或[Ca2+]/[PO43-]均可提高磷酸盐去除率,但超过一定数值后,再继续增加对提高磷酸盐去除效果的贡献很小,[PO43-]或[Ca2+]/[PO43-]过高还会导致均相结晶出现,使磷酸盐去除率下降;研究给出了一定条件下的最佳HRT、[PO43-]或[Ca2+]/[PO43-];运行效果试验表明,诱导结晶反应器在进水平均磷酸盐浓度仅为23.6 mg/L的情况下,磷酸盐的平均去除率仍可达到55.2%,该技术在处理低浓度含磷水方面较具应用前景。     

超声波辅助提取雨水管道沉积物中磷的存在形态

在SMT法的基础上采用超声波技术对实验条件进行优化,用于雨水管道沉积物中磷的提取。通过对提取时间、提取温度等影响提取效率的因素进行分析,确定了提高闭蓄态磷提取效率的条件,从而建立了管道沉积物中磷形态分析的最佳条件。在确定的最佳提取条件下对北京城区雨水管道内沉积物中磷的存在形态进行提取,并对不同形态磷的污染水平和分布状况进行分析,结合环境状况等因素对不同形态磷的污染特性进行了综合研究。     

新型专性厌氧菌利用葡萄糖进行发酵产氢的实验研究

采用批式发酵法对厌氧产氢菌株Bacteria.P利用葡萄糖发酵,在底物浓度、初始pH值、接种比例等不同培养条件下的产氢能力进行了研究。结果表明:专性厌氧菌P是一种高效产氢的菌株,在葡萄糖质量浓度为10 g/L、初始pH为6.0、接种比例为1∶20时,发酵气体总产量和细胞干重达到最大值,分别为485 mL和0.836 g/L。     

农药厂搬迁厂址用于房地产开发的选址环境影响评价

传统有机磷、有机氯农药具有高毒性、持久性和环境激素效应,处于痕量和超痕量浓度水平都可能给人类生命健康和生态环境带来严重威胁和风险。由于农药及其副产物的历史残留、累积及跨界迁移和分布,农药厂搬迁厂址用于房地产开发场地环评具有很大困难。结合南方某市一大型农药厂搬迁厂址用于房地产开发项目的案例,探讨了该类场地评价中基础资料的搜集方法和环评中应遵循的理念和原则。     

氧化沟工艺污水处理厂的调试运行

以安徽某县污水处理厂的改良氧化沟工艺调试为例,采用自然培菌和间歇培养相接合的方式进行调试,结果表明方法可行。在进水COD100mg/L时,MLSS在1500mg/L时,出水COD、NH4-N均可取得较好的处理效果。同时对调试过程中的各环节如人员培训、带负荷试车、污泥培养等进行了详细阐述,并确定了各工艺段的控制参数。     

应用加载磁絮凝技术处理垃圾渗滤液试验研究

垃圾渗滤液是一种成分复杂多变的高浓度难处理有机废水。本研究采用加载磁絮凝技术对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理,并讨论了适宜的磁载体、凝聚剂和絮凝剂的加入量。