反硝化菌对烟气汞吸附特性研究

采用反硝化菌对烟气中Hg~0、Hg~(2+)的吸附特性进行研究,反硝化菌对Hg~0和Hg~(2+)吸附性能良好,在pH为8、初始Hg~0(Hg~(2+))浓度为95.7μg·m-3(0.4μg·L-1)和吸附剂用量为0.35 g·L-1时,Hg~0和Hg~(2+)的吸附效率分别达到43.01%和98.12%.反硝化菌吸附Hg~0的过程遵循拟一级动力学,符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,最大吸附容量为126.1μg·g-1.反硝化菌吸附Hg~(2+)遵循拟二级动力学模型,符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,最大吸附容量为36.23μg·g-1.采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和热场发射环境扫描电镜-能谱电子背散射衍射系统(EDS)表征吸附前后的反硝化菌,结果表明吸附过程中细菌表面的糖环、磷酸及脂肪化合物基团发挥了吸附汞作用.     

川中丘陵区不同下垫面集水区氮磷流失特征

通过对2019~2020年不同下垫面集水区(农田集水区与复合集水区)径流及氮磷浓度的连续逐日定位监测,研究川中丘陵区不同下垫面集水区氮磷径流流失过程与强度,探讨下垫面对集水区氮磷径流流失特征的影响.结果表明:不同集水区的径流过程因下垫面不同而存在明显差异,农田集水区内的水田和坑塘的拦蓄作用滞缓了汇流过程,而复合集水区中居民点、公路等不透水下垫面缩短了汇流时间,使得复合集水区的降雨径流量峰值更高,响应速度较农田集水区快12~25min,年径流深较农田集水区多28.1%;次降雨径流过程中磷浓度变化较氮更剧烈,浓度峰值出现时间较氮早约1.2h,在降雨后期磷浓度下降速度更快,降幅更大;复合集水区的氮磷平均事件浓度(EMC)、峰值浓度均高于农田集水区,且两集水区氮流失形态均以硝酸盐氮为主,占总氮的65.9%;磷流失以颗粒态为主,占总磷的67.5%;复合集水区的氮磷流失负荷分别是农田集水区的3.01和4.03倍,氮磷流失强度分别是农田集水区的1.88和2.51倍.因此,复合集水区内氮磷随径流流失的防控可能是未来川中丘陵区面源污染治理的重点.     

Anoxic phosphorus removal in a pilot scale anaerobic-anoxic oxidation ditch process

The anaerobic-anoxic oxidation ditch (A²/O OD) process is popularly used to eliminate nutrients from domestic wastewater. In order to identify the existence of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB), evaluate the contribution of DPB to biological nutrient removal, and enhance the denitrifying phosphorus removal in the A²/O OD process, a pilot-scale A²/O OD plant (375 L) was conducted. At the same time batch tests using sequence batch reactors (12 L and 4 L) were operated to reveal the significance of anoxic phosphorus removal. The results indicated that: The average removal efficiency of COD, NH₄⁺, PO₄³⁻, and TN were 88.2%, 92.6%, 87.8%, and 73.1%, respectively, when the steady state of the pilotscale A²/O OD plant was reached during 31–73 d, demonstrating a good denitrifying phosphorus removal performance. Phosphorus uptake took place in the anoxic zone by poly-phosphorus accumulating organisms NO₂⁻ could be used as electron receptors in denitrifying phosphorus removal, and the phosphorus uptake rate with NO₂⁻ as the electron receptor was higher than that with NO₃⁻ when the initial concentration of either NO₂⁻ or NO₃⁻ was 40 mg/L.     

天然沸石吸附技术防治暴雨径流氮磷污染

文章介绍了滇池流域水污染现状，阐明了污染的主要原因。指出了沸石优良的吸附和离子交换性能及影响因素。并结合在控制暴雨径流氮磷污染的现场实验，指出其广阔的应用前景。     

总氮总磷在线自动监测仪的现状与问题

总氮总磷在线自动监测仪已在中国水质自动监测系统中得到广泛应用。其生产厂家日趋成熟、相关标准逐步出台、仪器性能基本达标。但在实际应用过程中,该仪器仍有许多问题需要进一步认识与改进。从测定方法、国家标准、前处理、自动标定、检出限等几个方面,分析了该仪器存在的问题,并提出了相关建议。     

光合细菌和螺旋藻对啤酒废水的净化与利用研究

应用ＰＳＢ将啤酒废水中的有机质降解处理为无机质，用甲壳絮凝沉降除去ＰＳＢ后加入螺旋藻进行培养。小型动态模拟实验结果表明ＰＳＢ和螺旋藻不仅能高效地净化啤酒废水。     

手提式蒸汽消毒器同时消解总磷总氮实验分析

水体中总磷、总氮的增多,会造成藻类的滋生,使水环境质量降低。因此,对总磷、总氮的监测十分必要。国标方法测定水中总磷总氮,都要用手提式蒸汽消毒器进行消解,且消解温度和时间相同。为建立一种快速的测定方法,将总磷、总氮同时放入蒸汽消毒器中进行消解,将此方法与标准消解法进行了对比分析。结果表明:同时消解法的精密度、准确度、回收率、工作曲线等均符合总磷总氮的测定要求,标准物质的测定结果和相对误差均在规范范围内,说明此方法可靠。在总磷、总氮都需检测时,大大缩短了实验时间,减少了蒸汽消毒器的使用频率,是一种快速、简便测定水中总磷总氮的方法。     

贵州百花湖消落区土壤磷赋存形态初步研究

应用磷形态标准测试程序(SMT)对百花湖(水库)消落区土壤磷赋存形态进行了分级测定,分析了各形态磷之间与样品理化性质如有机质、pH、总氮和含水率的相关性。结果表明,百花湖消落区1区全磷含量平均为1239.9mg/kg,2区为1097.4mg/kg,3区为1041.5mg/kg;各形态磷中有机磷占全磷的百分比1区为58.7%,2区为55.1%,3区降至54.7%;消落带土壤中的磷以有机磷为主,无机磷为辅。铁铝结合态磷则是无机磷的主要组分,其中1区为77.1%,2区为66.7%,3区为61.4%;全磷、有机磷和铁铝结合态磷含量的总体变化趋势为1区>2区>3区;而钙结合态磷含量却呈现出3区>2区>1区。有机磷与全磷显著性相关,是土壤中磷素增加的主要因素;无机磷与铁铝结合态磷和钙结合态磷显著性相关,二者的增加和减少对无机磷的含量具有显著影响;全磷与有机质、酸碱性显著相关;有机磷与有机质,钙结合态磷与酸碱性之间均呈现出显著性相关,表明土壤的有机质和酸碱性影响磷的含量和分布。     

废水反硝化除氮

反硝化是ＮＯ３＾－在反硝化细菌作用下，经ＮＯ２＾－、ＮＯ、Ｎ２Ｏ被还原为Ｎ２。反硝化对ＮＯ３＾－及有机基质呈零级动力学反应。文章还介绍了生物反硝化的生化反应，反硝化细菌以及基质、温度、溶解氧、ＰＨ对反硝化作用的影响。     

Biodegradation of phenol by free and immobilized Acinetobacter sp. strain PD12

A new phenol-degrading bacterium with high biodegradation activity and high tolerance of phenol, strain PD 12, was isolated from the activated sludge of Tianjin Jizhuangzi Wastewater Treatment Facility in China. This strain was capable of removing 500 mg phenol/L in liquid minimal medium by 99.6% within 9 h and metabolizing phenol at concentrations up to 1100 mg/L. DNA sequencing and homologous analysis of 16S rRNA gene identified PD12 to be an Acinetobacter sp. Polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） was used as a gel matrix to immobilize Acinetobacter sp. strain PDI2 by repeated freezing and thawing. The factors affecting phenol degradation of immobilized cells were investigated, and the results showed that the immobilized cells could tolerate a high phenol level and protected the bacteria against changes in temperature and pH. Storage stability and reusability tests revealed that the phenol degradation functions of immobilized cells were stable after reuse for 50 times or storing at 4℃ for 50 d. These results indicate that immobilized Acinetobacter sp. strain PD 12 possesses a good application potential in the treatment of phenol-containing wastewater.