气相色谱法测定土壤中六六六残留量

采用气相色谱法毛细管色谱柱分离、电子捕获检测器检测土壤中残留的六六六含量。索氏提取和超声波提取2种方法的研究结果表明，索氏提取法加标回收率在86．93％～98．54％之间，相对标准差为1．78％～9．59％；超声波提取法加标回收率在90．23％～103．29％之间，相对标准差为2．32％～9．33％。两种方法均准确、灵敏，超声波提取法时间短、效率高。     

凝聚态爆炸危险源外壳对爆炸冲击波影响的研究

容器中或储罐凝聚态化学危险品爆炸事故时有发生,容器或储罐壁的厚度对事故后果是否有影响,有什么影响,笔者利用非线性动力学有限元程序ANSYS/LS-DYNA,通过数值计算,研究了开阔空间带壳凝聚态爆炸危险源在空气中爆炸时,外壳厚度对爆炸应力波强度的影响。研究结果表明:易爆危险源壳体厚度的变化对爆炸冲击波的传播特性有显著影响。带壳易爆危险源爆炸作用场中的应力波峰值随距离的衰减指数与易爆危险源壳体厚度成线性关系,壳体越厚,衰减指数越大,应力波峰值随距离衰减越快。该结果为预测凝聚态易爆危险源爆炸事故后果,制定应急预案提供了科学依据。     

江苏体应变数字台网地震尾波的衰减关系与震级

体积式应变仪能记录全球大震,根据江苏体应变数字台网记录的全球大震波形,给出了测定地震尾波衰减系数、台网震级公式、震级标准差以及单台校正值的方法。由衰减经验关系lgA=G-klgτ导出的地震尾波应变双振幅A随尾波推移时间τ的衰减系数k=1.415,并取得以M(PEK)震级为基准的地震尾波应变台网震级公式MDC=4.02+1.04lgτ+0.74lgA±0.02,给出了江苏5个体应变台站的震级校正值,计算了近年内全球发生的35个地震震级值,平均震级标准差为0.11。尾波多点测量改善了7.6级以上大震MDC的精度,用该方法测量全球大震不存在震级"饱和"问题。     

Environmental Vulnerability Indicators for Environmental Planning and Decision-Making: Guidelines and Applications

Environmental decision-making and policy-making at all levels refers necessarily to synthetic, approximate quantification of environmental properties such as vulnerability, conservation status, and ability to recover after perturbation. Knowledge of such properties is essential to informed decision-making, but their definition is controversial and their precise characterization requires investments in research, modeling, and data collection that are only possible in the most developed countries. Environmental agencies and governments worldwide have increasingly requested numerical quantification or semiquantitative ranking of such attributes at the ecosystem, landscape, and country level. We do not have a theory to guide their calculation, in general or specific contexts, particularly with the amount of resources usually available in such cases. As a result, these measures are often calculated with little scientific justification and high subjectivity, and such doubtful approximations are used for critical decision-making. This problem applies particularly to countries with weak economies, such as small island states, where the most precious environmental resources are often concentrated. This paper discusses frameworks for a “least disappointing,” approximate quantification of environmental vulnerability. After a review of recent research and recent attempts to quantify environmental vulnerability, we discuss models and theoretical frameworks for obtaining an approximate, standardizable vulnerability indicator of minimal subjectivity and maximum generality. We also discuss issues of empirical testing and comparability between indicators developed for different environments. To assess the state of the art, we describe an independent ongoing project developed in the South Pacific area and aimed to the comparative evaluation of the vulnerability of arbitrary countries.     

武器装备伪装毯研究

伪装器材是提高己方武器装备、设施及参战人员战时生存能力,保存有效战斗力的重要技术手段。采用来源广、价格低廉、伪装效果好的普通材料为选择依据,设计了一种武器装备伪装毯,其在从红外到雷达波波段内都有良好的伪装隐身效果。     

Experiments on mixing and dissipation in internal solitary waves over two triangular obstacles

A series of laboratory experiments was undertaken in a stratified two-layer fluid to investigate the energetics of the interaction between an internal solitary wave (ISW) and triangular obstacles, as well as to determine the partitioning of ISW energy and its subsequent dynamics. The ISW energy was dissipated as a result of internal breaking and turbulent mixing induced by wave instability. Tests involving different combinations of triangular obstacles in various heights and intervals and ISW of different amplitudes were performed. The wave features resulting from the interaction of an ISW and double obstacles were found to differ from those of single obstacle. The incident energy of an ISW was either reflecting back from the obstacles, dissipated through turbulent mixing, or transmitted over the double obstacles. Reduction in wave energy increased as the intervals between obstacles reduced. For two obstacles in different heights, energy dissipation was greater in the case with a higher obstacle ahead of a lower one. However, the overall performance was dependent on the relative height of the obstacles, relative water depth of the upper and bottom layer, in addition to the intervals between the obstacles.     

不同香蒲种植密度对模拟污水的净化试验研究

在不同种植密度处理下,研究香蒲净化污染水体的去除效果。结果表明：种植密度和处理效果成正比,密度为27株/㎡时,净化效果最好,氨氮、TP、TN的去除率分别为94．81％、77．42％、82．84％。     

电磁波加载内回流硝化液对A/A/O缺氧池反硝化功能的影响

为了提升缺氧池的反硝化功能,对A/A/O系统的内回流硝化液进行电磁波加载.考察了加载时间（T）75s,加载功率（P）分别为100和400W的条件下,不同的硝化液加载百分比（L）（5%、10%、20%）对A/A/O系统功能的影响,优选出工况Ⅰ、工况Ⅲ和工况Ⅵ,分析3种工况下缺氧池混合液的微生物特性和群落结构变化.结果表明电磁波加载可致硝化液絮体结构破裂,有机物的溶出为缺氧池补充大量反硝化碳源,促进异养反硝化菌（Dechloromonas、Azospira、Haliangium）的富集,冗余分析（RDA）结果表明电磁波加载功率增大会使缺氧池中Dechloromonas大量富集.缺氧池的反硝化速率得到较大提高.电磁波加载条件为P=100W,T=75s,L=10%时,池内污泥的比亚硝酸盐还原速率（SNIRR）和比硝酸盐还原速率（SNRR）分别提升至（10.15±1.02）和（14.37±0.63） mg N/（g MLVSS·h）,比未加载时分别提高了20.55%和46.63%;当电磁波加载条件为P=400W,T=75s,L=10%时,二者提高至（10.57±0.82）和（12.16±0.74） mg N/（g MLVSS·h）,比未加载时分别提高了25.53%和28.03%,表明电磁波加载内回流硝化液能够提高A/A/O缺氧池的反硝化功能.     

湖底陷阱捕获内污染技术在浅水湖泊的应用

基于研发的湖底陷阱捕获内污染技术,在巢湖进行应用研究.结果表明,湖底陷阱可有效收集叶绿素a、有机质、总氮和总磷等湖底沉积物中内源污染物.不同位置和季节湖底陷阱收集的沉积物厚度差异显著,西巢湖收集的污染物含量最多,湖心区域收集污染物量最少;夏秋季节淤积较快,冬春季节淤积略慢.单位面积（1m²）湖底陷阱年收集叶绿素a、有机质、总氮和总磷可分别达2.37~15.28g、8.96~21.82kg、0.78~1.88kg和0.30~0.93kg.综合考虑湖流场、风浪场、湖底污染物分布及厚度,巢湖湖体内沿湖流汇集区可布置6条11~33km的湖底陷阱,并在7个主要入河口布置湖底陷阱,同时可利用现有航道,进一步加深后形成湖底陷阱,可为巢湖内源控制提供新的治理手段和管理方法.     

高速列车隧道会车流场的CFD分离涡数值模拟

目的研究高速列车隧道会车压力波及列车尾流特性。方法建立某型高速列车三节车模型,采用脱体涡方法数值模拟两列车以350km/h在隧道内等速会车的流场。数值模拟的空间离散化压力项、密度项及修正的湍流黏度项使用二阶迎风格式,动量项使用有界中心差分格式,时间离散采用预处理二阶精度差分格式,用壁面函数处理隧道壁,使用雷诺时均法作方法对比。计算列车车头、侧墙及尾车等部位的压力时间历程,然后使用傅里叶变换对尾车测点进行频谱分析,最后对尾流中不同位置的湍流强度进行分析。结果头车所受压力波动最为剧烈,中间车次之,尾车最小。列车侧墙同一垂向位置不同高度压力变化相差不大。列车尾涡主频在3.85Hz附近,其可能对列车横向振动有一定的影响。结论尾涡是两个不断向后发展的中等强度涡旋,在充分发展段,其湍流强度会有一个较为明显的抬升,之后逐渐减弱。会车侧涡流由于横向发展较为迅速,导致其强度较小且减弱速度较快。