水中烷基苯磺酸钠的催化氧化处理研究

研究水中烷基苯磺酸钠的催化氧化过程,所用氧化剂为ＮａＣｌＯ;催化剂为通过实验筛选的“ＴＵ”型催化剂。水中烷基苯磺酸钠的催化氧化降解过程用红外光谱作了分析,同时,也分析了诸因素对水中烷基苯磺酸钠去除效果的影响规律。研究结果表明,“ＴＵ”型催化剂对水中的烷基苯磺酸钠有较好的催化氧化能力,去除率通常可达８０％左右,经催化氧化后,水中的烷基苯磺酸钠几乎全部被氧化成为简单的无机物和微量的羰基化合物。     

催化光度法测定环境样品中微量Hg的研究

在酸性介质中,痕量Ｈｇ（Ⅱ）能显著催化空气中的Ｏ２氧化Ｋ４［Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６］,生成蓝色化合物,反应对Ｈｇ（Ⅱ）为一级,催化反应的表观活化能为６２．９５ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ－１．据此建立了测定痕量Ｈｇ（Ⅱ）的动力学分析法,测定条件为Ｋ４［Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６］：１．４×１０－３ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１,［ＣＨ３ＣＯＯＨ］：０．１４ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１,７５℃．在此条件下,线性测定范围为０．０２—０．７０μｇ·ｍｌ－１．本法重现性好,常见共存离子中除Ａｇ（Ｉ）严重干扰外,其余离子不影响测定．测定了水样及污泥样品中的Ｈｇ含量,结果满意     

胭脂红褪色光度法测定电镀废水中的镍

pH值为 5 4的六次甲基四胺 盐酸缓冲溶液 ,1 0 0℃恒温水浴中 ,Ni2 + 能催化H2 O2 氧化胭脂红褪色 ,研究了此反应的适宜条件和影响因素 ,建立了催化褪色光度法测定Ni2 + 的新方法。研究发现 ,溶液的最大吸收波长均在 5 1 8nm处。Ni2 + 的浓度在 0～ 1 0 4 μg mL范围内符合比耳定律 ,表观摩尔吸光系数为 1 4 96× 1 0 5L mol·cm。操作简便 ,仪器简单 ,准确度较高     

MoO3/TiO2催化剂对NH3选择性催化还原NOx的研究

通过共混法制备MoO3／TiO2催化剂,还原脱除NOx的研究．对于100目的催化剂,并在固定床反应器中进行了NH3选择性催化在较低温度下(≤583K),升高温度和降低空速,NOx脱除率提高;在反应温度较高时,NH3氧化的副反应的影响加强,此时过度延长反应时间和提高反应温度反而会使NOx脱除率降低．在583K和空速为12kh“时,NOx转化率可达92％．FT-IR光谱和XRD分析结果表明,MoO3形成分散相,均匀分布在TiO2颗粒表面并形成稳定的Mo=0基,它的加入没有影响TiO2(锐态矿型)的结构和形貌．     

电解钴废水处理的研究

采用气浮法处理电解钴废水。用十二烷基磺酸纳(SLS)作浮选剂,用FeCl3 和Al2 (SO4)3 作混凝剂,气浮后水可达到国家工业废水排放标准(3mg/L)。为实际废水的处理提供了可靠的依据。     

Metal Accumulation by Riverine and Lacustrine Populations of Angulyagra Oxytropis (Benson) (Gastropoda : Viviparidae)

Cadmium, chromium, iron, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc concentrations were determined in sediment and body tissues, viz. digestive gland, mantle and shell, of the freshwater snail, Angulyagra oxytropis (Benson) (Gastropoda : Viviparidae), from River Barak and one of its floodplain lakes in Cachar district, Assam State, Northeastern India. The concentrations of all the metals except iron are significantly higher in the lake sediment. When compared to their riverine counterparts, the lacustrine snails contain higher concentrations of cadmium, chromium and iron in their mantle; nickel and zinc in digestive gland; manganese in both digestive gland and mantle; and lead in all the three tissues examined. The accumulation patterns of most of the metals varied considerably between the two sites. The implications of these findings in storage, sequestration and detoxification of metals by this animal are discussed. The study also indicates that A. oxytropis may be a potential biological indicator of metal contamination in freshwater ecosystems.     

硝酸尾气SCR脱硝技术的开发及工业应用

硝酸生产尾气脱硝是大气污染治理的重要领域。中国石化开发了硝酸尾气选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝成套技术,主要包括FN-1型蜂窝状NH_3-SCR催化剂以及SCR反应器、气体分布器等关键设备和内构件。在中国石化南化公司270 kt/a硝酸装置上的工业化应用表明,SCR脱硝装置的入口NO_x质量浓度在200～400 mg/m~3,出口NO_x质量浓度低于20 mg/m~3,NO_x去除率大于95%,逃逸氨质量浓度低于1 mg/m~3,净化效果优于国家和地方的相关排放标准。     

Degradation of atrazine by catalytic ozonation in the presence of iron scraps: performance,transformation pathway,and acute toxicity

Degradation of atrazine by catalytic ozonation in the presence of iron scraps (ZVI/O₃) was carried out. The key operational parameters (i.e., initial pH, ZVI dosage, and ozone dosage) were optimized by the batch experiments, respectively. This ZVI/O₃ system exhibited much higher degradation efficiency of atrazine than the single ozonation, ZVI, and traditional ZVI/O₂ systems. The result shows that the pseudo-first-order constant (0.0927?min^?1) and TOC removal rate (86.6%) obtained by the ZVI/O₃ process were much higher than those of the three control experiments. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that slight of γ-FeOOH and Fe₂O₃ were formed on the surface of iron scrap after ZVI/O₃ treatment. These corrosion products exhibit high catalytic ability for ozone decomposition, which could generate more hydroxyl radical (HO^?) to degrade atrazine. Six transformation intermediates were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis in ZVI/O₃ system, and the degradation pathway of atrazine was proposed. Toxicity tests based on the inhibition of the luminescence emitted by Photobacterium phosphoreum and Vibrio fischeri indicate the detoxification of atrazine by ZVI/O₃ system. Finally, reused experiments indicate the approving recyclability of iron scraps. Consequently, the ZVI/O₃ system could be as an effective and promising technology for pesticide wastewater treatment.     

泥磷液相催化氧化氮氧化物

采用磷化工行业的固体废物泥磷液相催化氧化氮氧化物。实验结果表明,该方法是可行且有效的。随着温度的升高,泥磷吸收液的脱硝效率提高,当温度达到泥磷熔点时脱硝效率最佳。泥磷吸收液的脱硝效率随固液比的增大而有所下降,而随着NO体积分数和气体流量的增大,泥磷吸收液的脱硝效率呈先升后降的趋势。各因素对脱硝率的影响大小顺序为：气体流量>反应温度>固液比>NO体积分数。在反应温度60 ℃、固液比1∶4、NO体积分数0.03%、气体流量0.3 L/min的最佳工艺条件下,反应160 min的平均脱硝率可达97.38%。     

活性炭复合材料负载催化剂催化臭氧氧化处理石化废水

采用催化臭氧氧化深度处理某石化厂炼油废水,制备了活性炭复合材料负载催化剂(Fe_2O_3/ACNT),与几种常见负载催化剂进行了物性和COD去除效果的对比,并对Fe_2O_3/ACNT的催化效果和稳定性进行了详细分析。结果表明:催化剂的催化臭氧氧化活性由高到低的顺序为Fe_2O_3/ACNTFe_2O_3/活性炭Fe_2O_3/Al2O3Fe_2O_3/陶粒;Fe_2O_3/ACNT催化剂具有较高的比表面积、孔体积、强度和吸水率,使COD去除率由单独臭氧氧化时的约20%提高到66.8%。在催化剂填充量200 m L、废水pH 7.6、臭氧投加量200 mg/L、体积空速1 h~(-1)的条件下运行30d,COD去除率平均达65.1%,出水COD均值为40.8 mg/L,最高值为44.3 mg/L,满足外排水COD小于50 mg/L的指标。催化剂稳定性良好,运行30 d活性未见明显降低,具有在环保领域应用的前景。