野生与养殖长吻鮠血液及不同器官同工酶的比较

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (PAGE Electrophoresis) ,对野生及养殖长吻心脏、肾脏、肌肉、肝脏四个器官及血液的LDH(EC .1.1.1.2 7)、POD(EC .1.1.1.1)、EST(EC .3.1.1.1)、MDH(EC .1.1.1.37)同工酶所获电泳图谱进行对比分析 ,发现以上各酶在不同组织器官中均表现出组织特异性 ;野生和养殖四种同工酶也存在差异 ;LDH同工酶电泳带分为L1、L2 、L3 三个区 ,其中L2 区为 5条基本酶带 ,a4 和b4 表现一定的祖征性 ;EST同工酶呈多态性 ,较为复杂 ;对于POD和MDH同工酶而言 ,野生与养殖间差异较大 ,反映有氧代谢的状况 .因此认为这四种同工酶可以做为种质资源鉴定、生化遗传分析、系统分类及新陈代谢动态等方面研究的重要参考指标 .图 4参 13     

各类VOCs在蜂窝陶瓷型La0.8Sr0.2MnO3催化剂上的催化燃烧性能

以涂有CeO2-ZrO2固溶体的堇青石蜂窝状陶瓷为载体,用浸渍法制备堇青石蜂窝陶瓷型整体La0.8Sr0.2MnO3催化剂,测试了该催化剂催化燃烧各类VOCs的特性。研究表明,VOCs催化燃烧的难易程度为：含氯烃〉烷烃〉酸〉芳烃〉酮〉酯〉醇〉醛。La0.8Sr0.2MnO3催化剂对含氧有机化合物具有较好的催化活性,完全燃烧温度均在280℃之内。通过关联VOCs的理化性质,发现VOCs在La0.8Sr0.2MnO3催化剂上的反应活性与VOCs分子中最弱C—H键键能和VOCs分子极性密切联系。     

Fe（Ⅱ）EDTA／H2O2电催化降解甲基橙模拟废水的研究

在无隔膜电解槽中,采用SPR（Ru—Ir—TiO2）为阳极,石墨为阴极,考察了Fe（Ⅱ）EDTA／H2O2电催化降解甲基橙（methylorange）模拟废水的影响,发现EDTA很大程度上促进了类电Fenton试剂对甲基橙模拟废水的降解。实验研究表明,在外加电压为5．0V,EDTA：Fe2＋=2：1（摩尔比,Fe2＋=40mmol／L）,H202=48mmot／L,电解质Na2SO4=40mmol／L,废水pH值为（6．5±0．1）的条件下,降解260mg／L的甲基橙模拟废水90min,EDTA的加入可以使甲基橙模拟废水的脱色率由29．5％上升到78．4％,COD由571．429mg／L降至80mg／L,COD的降解率为86％,EDTA在此过程中既是催化剂又是反应物,可有效避免EDTA带来二次环境污染的可能性。     

微波催化氧化修复技术处理有机氯污染土壤

采用微波催化氧化修复技术处理常州某农药厂有机氯农药污染场地和南通某化工厂有机氯污染场地土壤,考察不同参数条件下实验装置对污染土壤的处理效能。结果表明,在微波功率18kW、微波辐射时间20min、土壤处理量400kg/h、土壤含水率15%、活性炭添加量0.03kg/kg的最佳条件下,实验装置运行稳定,有机氯农药污染土壤中氯丹去除率可达70%左右;有机氯污染土壤中邻二氯苯、石油烃总量、1,2-二氯乙烷、苯酚去除率分别可达到99.98%、91.29%、98.52%、74.74%。研发的污染土壤微波催化氧化修复技术及实验装置对有机氯污染土壤的修复具有一定的普适性。     

活性炭负载Fe^3＋催化H2O2氧化邻苯二甲酸二甲酯

将Fe3＋负载在活性炭上制得载铁催化剂Fe/AC,并研究了该催化剂对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）的催化降解性能。通过正交实验和单因素实验,探讨了催化剂投加量、H2O2投加量、溶液pH值和反应温度对水中DMP降解率的影响,同时对DMP矿化度进行了分析。实验结果表明,制得的载铁催化剂具有较高的催化活性;降解效果的影响顺序是反应温度〉催化剂投加量〉H2O2投加量〉溶液pH值;在反应温度为80℃、催化剂投加量为4 g/L、H2O2投加量为20 mL/L和溶液pH值为3的条件下反应120 min后,质量浓度为10 mg/L的DMP降解率最高可达97.73%;在优化的实验条件下反应150 min,DMP矿化度可达62.73%;催化剂反复使用5次仍具有较好的催化活性,DMP降解率仍可达到77%以上;反应过程中溶液Fe3＋浓度的变化维持在1.07 mg/L左右,且可推测催化降解DMP主要是由非均相和均相催化氧化反应共同作用的。     

TiO2纳米管催化活性再生处理技术

采用H2O2、Fe2（SO4）3和Fenton溶液对失活的TiO2纳米管进行再生处理,重点考察了3种溶液的浓度和处理时间等对再生效果的影响,初步分析了经处理后TiO2纳米管催化活性得到再生或增强的机理。结果表明,经H2O2溶液处理后TiO2催化活性能得到有效再生,经Fe2（SO4）3,和Fenton溶液处理后其催化活性不仅得到再生,还能显著增强,这与H2O2和Fenton的强氧化作用,及进入TiO2纳米管的Fe3＋的阻止电子．空穴对再复合作用有关。     

Cd胁迫对受驯杜氏盐藻生长影响的研究

研究了经低浓度Zn和Cd驯化的杜氏盐藻(Dunaliella tertiolecta)在不同浓度Cd胁迫条件下的生长状况,并通过微分脉冲极谱法测定了微藻细胞的Cd吸收量.结果表明经Zn驯化的杜氏盐藻生长力和耐受力要强于Cd驯化藻,二者的半抑制浓度(IC50)分别为29和 26 μmol/L;最大比生长率都出现在低浓度Cd胁迫组,分别为0.36和0.24.暴露实验结束后,各个浓度组收获藻细胞干重在13.46～51.90和9.90～54.33 mg/L,藻细胞的Cd吸收量则分别在20.17～144.58和93.67～180.64 μg /109 cells.Cd驯化杜氏藻相对更易吸收富集重金属,且金属Cd一旦进入细胞体就很难代谢去除.两种金属驯化藻体内的Cd吸收量与收获的生物量干重具有一定的线性关系.     

Catalytic reductive dechlorination of p–chlorophenol in water using Ni/Fe nanoscale particles

Nanoscale bimetallic Ni/Fe particles were synthesized from the reaction of sodium borohydride （NaBH4） with reduction of Ni^2＋ and Fe^2＋ in aqueous solution. The obtained Ni/Fe particles were characterized by TEM （transmission electron microscope）, XRD （X-ray diffractometer）, and N2-BET. The dechlorination activity of the Ni/Fe was investigated using p-chlorophenol （p-CP） as a probe agent. Results demonstrated that the nanoscale Ni/Fe could effectively dechlorinate p-CP at relatively low metal to solution ratio of 0.4 g/L （Ni 5 wt%）. The target with initial concentration ofp-CP 0.625 mmol/L was dechlorinted completely in 60 rain under ambient temperature and pressure. Factors affecting dechlorination efficiency, including reaction temperature, pH, Ni loading percentage over Fe, and metal to solution ratio, were investigated. The possible mechanism of dechlorination ofp-CP was proposed and discussed. The pseudo-first- order reaction took place on the surface of the Ni/Fe bimetallic particles, and the activation energy of the dechlorination reaction was determined to be 21.2 kJ/mol at the temperature rang of 287-313 K.     

Metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene in peroxynitrite/Fe(Ⅲ) porphyrin system

The peroxynitrite/porphyrin biomimetic system was established to investigate the effects of peroxynitrite on benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) metabolism. Through the comparison of three model systems consisting of different iron porphyrins, we found that the peroxynitrite/T(p-Cl)PPFeCl system showed the highest catalytic efficiency in the metabolism of B[a]P. We analyzed the B[a]P metabolites produced from this system by RP-HPLC method and firstly identified the formation of nitrobenzo[a]pyrenes which are the special metabolites of B[a]P induced by peroxynitrite.     

Cobalt and manganese stress in the microalga Pavlova viridis （Prymnesiophyceae）： Effects on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes

Pollution of marine environment has become an issue of major concern in recent years.Serious environmental pollution by heavy metals results from their increasing utilization in industrial processes and because most heavy metals are transported into the marine environment and accumulated without decomposition.The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects on growth,pigments, lipid peroxidation,and some antioxidant enzyme activities of marine microalga Pavlova viridis,in response to elevated concentrations of cobalt(Co)and manganese(Mn),especially with regard to the involvement of antioxidative defences against heavy metal-induced oxidative stress.In response to Co~(2 ),lipid peroxidation was enhanced compared to the control,as an indication of the oxidative damage caused by metal concentration assayed in the microalgal cells but not Mn~(2 ).Exposure of Pavlova viridis to the two metals caused changes in enzyme activities in a different manner,depending on the metal assayed:after Co~(2 )treatments,total superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity was irregular,although it was not significantly affected by Mn~(2 )exposure.Co~(2 )and Mn~(2 )stimulated the activities of catalase(CAT)and glutathione(GSH),whereas,ghitathione peroxidase(GPX)showed a remarkable increase in activity in response to Co~(2 )treatments and decreased gradually with Mn~(2 )concentration,up to 50μmol/L,and then rose very rapidly,reaching to about 38.98% at 200μmol/L Mn~(2 ).These results suggest that an activation of some antioxidant enzymes was enhanced,to counteract the oxidative stress induced by the two metals at higher concentration.