高级催化氧化法降解4BS模拟染料废水

用煤灰渣加入活性组分复合成催化剂、H2O2作为氧化剂的高级催化氧化法降解4BS模拟染料废水.结果表明,高级催化氧化法可以有效降解4BS.当pH=4、H2O2投加量为0.46 mL/L、反应100 min时,脱色率达98%,同时COD去除率可达83%以上.催化剂运转时间累计达到500 h,脱色率和COD去除率分别保持为98%和83%,未发现有活性下降现象.本研究为染料废水的处理提供了一种经济有效的方法.     

催化湿式过氧化物法(CWPO)降解间硝基苯磺酸钠动力学研究

为了优化反应条件及研究反应机理,利用不锈钢高压反应釜,采用催化湿式过氧化物法(CWPO)在不同温度、初始总有机碳(TOC)浓度、氧化剂及催化剂条件下对间硝基苯磺酸钠溶液进行降解处理,得到最优条件为温度200 ℃,初始TOC浓度2 560 mg/L,氧化剂30 mL及催化剂0.5 g.并采用Elovich方程和双常数方程对降解过程的单因素动力学数据进行了拟合,并建立了催化湿式氧化降解过程的多因素动力学方程.结果表明,上述方程均能较好地拟合催化湿式氧化的降解过程.同时分析了考察因素对TOC去除率的影响,其影响的顺序为:温度＞初始TOC浓度＞氧化剂＞催化剂.     

陶粒负载纳米TiＯ2催化臭氧化降解水中微量硝基苯

制备了以陶粒为载体的纳米二氧化钛催化剂,并以硝基苯为稳定性有机污染物的目标降解物,研究了其对臭氧化的催化性能,对影响催化效果因素及降解机理进行了探讨.实验对不同温度条件下烧结的催化剂催化臭氧化有机物能力进行了比较,使用SEM进行表征,确定最佳烧结温度.通过改变催化剂投量、硝基苯初始浓度、pH值、添加不同浓度自由基抑制剂和催化剂重复使用实验等,表明在700℃温度下烧结的催化剂具有最大催化活性;硝基苯臭氧化反应中主要氧化剂为羟基自由基,其降解反应为一级反应;硝基苯的去除率随催化剂投量增加而增大;在pH为10时催化剂具有最好的催化效果,对硝基苯的去除率为46.5%;催化剂连续3次重复使用性能良好.     

UV/Fenton/杂多酸体系对染料曙红Y的光解作用研究

为改善Fenton反应的氧化效率,选择杂多酸为活化剂,建立了一种新的光催化体系。在光化学反应器中,以紫外灯为光源,以磷钨酸为光催化助剂,研究了UV/Fenton/杂多酸体系对曙红Y模拟染料废水的光催化降解的影响,并就杂多酸辅助光催化降解染料的机理,影响染料光催化降解速率的因素,提高染料光催化降解效率的途径进行了初步探讨。结果表明,溶液中H2O2投加量、Fe2+浓度、溶液pH值是影响催化光解效果的重要因素。实验得出反应的适宜条件是:pH为5～6,30%H2O2的投加量为2 mL,FeSO4的剂量约为0.02 g/L。     

Mn-Ce-Co/TiO2催化剂低温脱硝活性研究

以纳米TiO2为载体,通过浸渍法制备一系列改性Mn-Ce/TiO2脱硝催化剂.通过实验考察不同元素组分催化剂的脱硝活性,同时探讨金属氧化物掺杂对提高催化剂低温脱硝活性的机理.活性测试结果显示,Co掺杂能最有效地提高Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂在低温段的SCR脱硝活性,在n(Co):n(TiO2)=0.08～0.10、体积空速为35100h-1的条件下,催化剂在120℃时就能达到80%以上的NO去除率,140℃左右时的NO去除率接近100%.BET、XRD、TPR、TPD等表征测试结果表明,Co掺杂可改进Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂的物化特性,增加催化剂表面的活性酸位点及活性氧数量,提高催化剂的氧化还原能力,从而提高Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂低温SCR脱硝活性.     

Fe/Cu催化还原降解饮用水中溴氯乙腈的性能研究

为了降低饮用水在氯消毒过程中产生的消毒副产物(DBPs)溴氯乙腈(BCAN)对人体带来的健康危害,采用Fe/Cu催化还原的方法降解饮用水中低浓度的BCAN,考察了BCAN的降解效果和其影响因素,探讨了其降解机制及动力学规律.结果表明,Fe/Cu具有更强的还原降解BCAN的能力,与零价铁相比,Fe/Cu(质量比为10∶1)的降解效率是其1.5倍.随着Fe/Cu投加量的增加,BCAN的去除率有明显的提高,对于初始浓度为20μg·L-1的BCAN溶液,当Fe/Cu(质量比为10∶1)投加量由5g·L-1增加到10 g·L-1,反应150 min后,去除率由51.1%增加到89.5%.BCAN降解效率随着温度的升高逐渐提高,BCAN初始浓度的变化对Fe/Cu去除BCAN的去除效果影响不大,Fe/Cu降解BCAN符合一级反应动力学规律.     

Oxidation of diesel soot on binary oxide CuCr(Co)-based monoliths

Binary oxide systems(Cu Cr2O4, Cu Co2O4), deposited onto cordierite monoliths of honeycomb structure with a second support(finely dispersed Al2O3), were prepared as filters for catalytic combustion of diesel soot using internal combustion engine’s gas exhausts(O2, NOx, H2 O, CO2) and O3 as oxidizing agents. It is shown that the second support increases soot capacity of aforementioned filters, and causes dispersion of the particles of spinel phases as active components enhancing thereby catalyst activity and selectivity of soot combustion to CO2. Oxidants used can be arranged with reference to decreasing their activity in a following series: O3 NO2> H2 O > NO > O2> CO2. Ozone proved to be the most efficient oxidizing agent: the diesel soot combustion by O3 occurs intensively(in the presence of copper chromite based catalyst) even at closing to ambient temperatures.Results obtained give a basis for the conclusion that using a catalytic coating on soot filters in the form of aforementioned binary oxide systems and ozone as the initiator of the oxidation processes is a promising approach in solving the problem of comprehensive purification of automotive exhaust gases at relatively low temperatures, known as the "cold start" problem.     

Biosorption of Co(II) ions from aqueous solution using Chrysanthemum indicum: Kinetics,equilibrium and thermodynamics

The present study investigates the adsorption potential of Chrysanthemum indicum flower in its raw (CIF-R) and biochar (CIF-BC) form for the removal of cobalt ions from aqueous solution. The adsorbents were characterized for their surface area using BET analysis, surface morphology and elemental composition with SEM-EDAX and for the presence of functional groups by FTIR analysis. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of process parameters, viz. pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration, contact time, stirring speed, presence of interfering ions and temperature on the adsorption of Co(II) ion using both the adsorbents. The optimum conditions for maximum removal of Co(II) ion was ascertained to be pH 5 for both adsorbents, adsorbent dose of 4 g/L and 3 g/L, equilibrium time of 60 min and 45 min, respectively, for CIF-R and CIF-BC. The maximum adsorption capacity of CIF-R and CIF-BC was found to be 14.84 mg/g and 45.44 mg/g, respectively, for the removal of Co(II) ion. The mechanism of adsorption was studied using different models of adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics. It was inferred that Co(II) adsorption on both CIF-R and CIF-BC followed pseudo-second order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model with the process being spontaneous and endothermic in nature.     

Fault propagation behavior study and root cause reasoning with dynamic Bayesian network based framework

The Bhopal disaster was a gas leak incident in India, considered the world's worst industrial disaster happened around process facilities. Nowadays the process facilities in petrochemical industries have becoming increasingly large and automatic. There are many risk factors with complex relationships among them. Unfortunately, some operators have poor access to abnormal situation management experience due to the lack of knowledge. However these interdependencies are seldom accounted for in current risk and safety analyses, which also belonged to the main factor causing Bhopal tragedy. Fault propagation behavior of process system is studied in this paper, and a dynamic Bayesian network based framework for root cause reasoning is proposed to deal with abnormal situation. It will help operators to fully understand the relationships among all the risk factors, identify the causes that lead to the abnormal situations, and consider all available safety measures to cope with the situation. Examples from a case study for process facilities are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. It also provides a method to help us do things better in the future and to make sure that another such terrible accident never happens again.     

混凝/催化氧化/微电解三元组合技术处理油田压裂废液

油田压裂废液成分复杂、粘度高、COD高且难降解,对环境造成较大污染。提出了化学混凝/催化氧化/微电解三元组合技术处理压裂废液的新方法,确定了各步骤的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,压裂废液经化学混凝/催化氧化/微电解三元组合技术处理后,粘度降至1.5 m Pa·s,COD去除率98%,COD150 mg/L,达到国家污水排放2级标准。各单元过程形成的泥饼浸出液分析结果符合GB 18599—2001《一般工业固体废物贮存、处置场污染控制标准》第一类技术要求。