Agrometeorology from science to extension: Assessment of needs and provision of services

After a historical introduction, recent achievements in agrometeorology and their limitations are highlighted. It is then discussed what determines what we do in agrometeorology. It is argued that the needs in the livelihood of farmers should push the scientific support systems and it is exemplified that this is possible. This analysis has serious consequences for science, training, education and extension in agrometeorology. This applies most strongly for developing countries or tropical studies elsewhere. Farmers’ livelihoods should be connected through agrometeorological services. Farmer or Climate Field Schools are introduced as a new approach to do so. Examples from China are given in which such schools or classes could be used. Finally a pilot project approach for agrometeorological services is discussed in which this could be prepared.     

压缩型国家人口问题的经济学根源探究

由予工业化发生的时间、背豢、速度的差异。发展中国家的经济、环境、人口问题呈现出与发达国家不同的特点．从人口学角度分析，具有以下几个特征：人口红利型经济期缩短、人口红利泡沫、人口红利期与实际抚养系数大的矛盾交织等。发展中国家具有的压缩性特征使人口与资源、环境的关系出现了新特征．其中分析人口与经济的关系对建设和谐社会、实现经济社会可持续发展起着十分重要的作用。研究认为引起发展中国家人口问题的经济学根源是：①现代化的产业结构的要求与劳动力现代科学素质普遍低下不相适应；②生产性消费的盲目跟进；③对西方理论的“非本土化”借用。创造“一百英镑技术”型经济模式是解决发展中国家人口问题．保持经济社会稳定持续发展的有效方法。     

Urbanization and the Loss of Resource Lands in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed

We made use of land cover maps, and land use change associated with urbanization, to provide estimates of the loss of natural resource lands (forest, agriculture, and wetland areas) across the 168,000 km² Chesapeake Bay watershed. We conducted extensive accuracy assessments of the satellite-derived maps, most of which were produced by us using widely available multitemporal Landsat imagery. The change in urbanization was derived from impervious surface area maps (the built environment) for 1990 and 2000, from which we estimated the loss of resource lands that occurred during this decade. Within the watershed, we observed a 61% increase in developed land (from 5,177 to 8,363 km²). Most of this new development (64%) occurred on agricultural and grasslands, whereas 33% occurred on forested land. Some smaller municipalities lost as much as 17% of their forest lands and 36% of their agricultural lands to development, although in the outlying counties losses ranged from 0% to 1.4% for forests and 0% to 2.6% for agriculture. Fast-growing urban areas surrounded by forested land experienced the most loss of forest to impervious surfaces. These estimates could be used for the monitoring of the impacts of development across the Chesapeake Bay watershed, and the approach has utility for other regions nationwide. In turn, the results and the approach can help jurisdictions set goals for resource land protection and acquisition that are consistent with regional restoration goals.     

Dilemmas and advances in corporate social responsibility in Brazil. The work of the Ethos Institute

This article discusses the development of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Brazil from the perspective of the Ethos Institute of Business and Social Responsibility. The Institute is a not‐for‐profit, non‐governmental organization, that has played a leading role in the Brazilian CSR effort. In Brazil, CSR initiatives have a long tradition of philanthropy, a consequence of the country's great social inequalities. The increased attention to corporate social responsibility has paralleled growing concern about sustainable development and the intensifying activities of pressure groups (consumers, customers, investors, NGOs, labour unions, the media, among others) that have been increasing since the 1990s as natural resources are progressively becoming exhausted, social tensions rising and environmental conditions deteriorating worldwide. This article identifies problems and obstacles to the growth of corporate social responsibility in Brazil, as well as advances and alternatives for CSR and towards creating conditions for the country to be internationally competitive and sustainable in the financial, social and environmental areas.     

新平县生态环境区划研究

在对新平县域环境全面调查和研究的基础上。通过对新平县内各个区域的社会经济状况，自然生态状况进行分析类比，按照环境区划的原则，对县域按2级等级单位进行环境区划，将整个新平县域分为3个环境区。5个环境亚区。     

循环冷却水处理技术面临新的形势和挑战

循环冷却水处理不仅要求处理效果好，能够保证生产装置长周期运行，而且要求实现节水、减污，达到水处理技术与经济运行的综合最佳。中石化循环冷却水处理，经过20余年的努力，取得很大进步，但新形势对水处理提出了更高的要求，循环冷却水处理技术正面临新的机遇和挑战。     

中国有机食品的开发

有机农业运动已在我国兴起,我国在有机食品的开发上有着潜在的巨大市场及有利条件,应遵循“先易后难、逐步发展、建立基地、开发市场”的原则,严格按有关标准进行。     

关于深化环境科技体制改革的浅见

从跨世纪前夕的角度,论述了我国环境科技的主要任务及其改革重点,展望了环境科技机构在市场经济中新的发展模式,并分析了为推动环境科技发展的主要资金渠道的可能性。     

丽江县城市生活垃圾处理研究

丽江县城市生活垃圾成分中，有机物、可回收部分和需填埋部分分别占45％、33％和22％，拟采用高温堆肥加填埋方式加以处理。堆肥产生的渗滤液回喷一次发酵仓，填埋产生的渗滤液回喷填埋场表面，所收集的发酵气体则作为燃料使用。为减少垃圾处理过程中的污染影响，还需采取保证防渗层施工质量、加强处理场管理和定期监测等措施。     

南京市发展循环经济潜势研究

分析了国内外发展循环经济的3种主要模式和现状,对照南京市发展循环经济的状况,阐述了南京市发展循环经济的意义,找出了南京市在发展循环经济过程中与国内外先进水平之间的差距,在此基础上提出了南京市发展循环经济的潜力。