湖南省永兴县生态旅游现状与可持续发展

通过调查和评价永兴县旅游资源的分布和种类,探索永兴县生态旅游的发展目标和可持续发展方案。实践证明,永兴县生态旅游重点是打造便江画廊生态旅游区、板梁一悦来乡村旅游区和中国银都旅游区等品牌产品,积极推广“千年银都和一江丹霞”的旅游形象,加强生态旅游资源的管理,优化旅游产品和产业结构,全面提升旅游竞争力,有利于促进旅游业在永兴县的发展,有利于把永兴建设成为具有区域影响意义的省级精品旅游目的地。     

九寨沟县地表水环境容量研究

水体中污染物的排放必须与水体的水环境容量相适应.在综合考虑城市经济发展与水资源利用状况前提下,首先,通过监测资料对九寨沟县辖区内主要污水受纳水体--白水江的地表水环境质量现状进行了评价,同时,结合对白水江流域污染源的现场调查,明确了河道水体的主要污染因子为CODCr和NH3-N,并预测了其在远、近规划期内的排放量;其次,在对河段进行功能分区基础上,采用一维稳态模型下的段首控制法计算了水环境容量.结果表明,2005年白水江CODCr与NH3-N的理论水环境容量分别为39.44 T/d和2.32 T/d,2005年其实际水环境容量分别为26.42 T/d和1.55 T/d.白水江水环境容量在近、远期内均能满足城市发展要求,但鉴于九寨沟县的旅游定位功能,应采取更为严格的控制标准;最后,结合九寨沟城镇生活污染源、农村面源与工业污染源的相应特点,提出了全面提升九寨沟县水环境质量的规划方案,为白水江实施污染总量控制与水环境管理提供了科学依据.     

美、日土壤污染防治法律度对中国土壤立法的启示

目前中国土壤污染问题日趋严重。尽管中国现行的法律体系存在一些有关土壤污染防治的规定,但仍存在一定的局限性,中国目前还没有专门的《土污染防治法》,从而不能为中国土壤污染的防治工作提供有力地法律支撑和法律保障。本文在分析美国、日本有关土壤污染防治立法的基础上,就中国土壤污染防治立法提出了几点建议。     

Impact of climatic shocks on child human capital: evidence from young lives data

This study attempts to assess the impact of two different climatic shocks, drought and excessive rainfall/flood, as perceived by households on child human capital across four countries: Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam – countries with diverse socio-economic backgrounds. Human capital, in this context, subsumes both child learning and health outcomes. The data source is the Young Lives Study and cross-sectional household data on the older cohort of children (between 14 and 16 years of age) are utilized, for the year 2009. The enrolment rate, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Cloze test and Math test scores are used as proxies for child learning outcomes. The health outcome variables being studied are the WHO-defined Body Mass Index z-scores and Height for Age z-scores. The overall objective is to study heterogeneity in responses to shock in terms of the development of human capital across the set of countries considered. Additionally, the study elaborates on the role of institutional help, during crisis, and the role of household characteristics in buffering these climatic shocks.     

典型大气环境玻璃钢天线罩聚氨酯涂层工艺老化行为研究

通过南海海洋大气环境、海南万宁湿热乡村大气环境、西藏拉萨高原大气环境户外大气暴露对玻璃钢基灭线罩聚氨酯涂层工艺进行了老化试验，运用光泽、颜色、粉化率、SEM等手段测试了涂层在户外大气暴露的性能变化和表面形貌，并进行对比分析。结果表明，在相同大气环境中，工艺玻璃钢板／雷达罩底漆／浅灰航天聚氨酯涂层耐候性能优于工艺玻璃钢板／环氧聚酰胺／弹性聚氨酯磁漆涂层的耐侯性能；对于同种工艺，西沙海洋大气环境对其耐侯性的影响最大，其次是万宁湿热乡村环境，拉萨高原环境影响较小；光照、温度、湿度是涂层老化的主要原因。     

The vulnerability and resilience of small island developing states in the context of globalization

In spite of the wide diversity in the economic performance of small island developing states (SIDS), the apparent prosperity of several SIDS has entailed a global misrepresentation of the economic situation of these countries. While their vulnerability to natural disasters is not denied, the general risk of economic marginalization that many SIDS face in the context of globalization may not have received sufficient attention. The paper attempts to highlight what matters most in the consideration of the economic vulnerability of SIDS and in the debate to prevent their marginalization. It examines the main types of external shocks to which SIDS are vulnerable, and discusses the economic handicaps that are fundamental causes of this vulnerability. Economic specialization (with the predominance of international trade in services) is then a central notion in the analysis of island vulnerability: a better specialization, which may involve diversification and always implies greater international competitiveness, can reduce the exposure or vulnerability of SIDS to external shocks, and induce greater economic stability in these countries. Hence the importance of developing policies to circumvent the specific handicaps of islands and facilitate the realization of new trading opportunities through an emulative use of globalization forces.     

The response of industry to environmental regulations in Alexandria, Egypt

The response of industry to current environmental regulations in Alexandria, Egypt was investigated. Environmental officers in 55 industrial firms completed a questionnaire examining their opinions about current environmental regulations, the statuses of their companies' compliance with those regulations, and the environmental management progress and problems in their companies. Although Egyptian industrialists had positive opinions about environmental regulations, their companies were not in satisfactory compliance with those regulations. The context in which environmental concern started in Egypt and the economic environment of Egyptian industry had lead to 'soft' enforcement and implementation of environmental regulations. The response of Alexandria's industrial firms to the issued environmental regulations was limited to adopting symbolic 'end-of-pipe' environmental protection measures. Progress in environmental management and problems in industries of Alexandria were also investigated.     

预应力锚索加固石窟围岩的地震响应的数值模拟分析研究

针对预应力锚索加固石窟文物的特点,阐述了影响石窟围岩变形稳定性的主要因素和动力有限元分析方法。以榆林窟的三个典型工程剖面为实例,通过对不同峰值加速度、频谱、持续时间的动荷载作用下预应力锚索加固的石窟围岩位移场、应力场分布特征的数值模拟计算,揭示了预应力锚索加固石窟岩体在地震作用下的动态响应和变化规律。分析结果表明,随着地震动峰值加速度(PGA)、反应谱特征周期和地震动持续时间的增大,洞窟的位移和应力值明显增大,应力集中区的范围扩大,围岩损伤的可能性增加,稳定性降低。应力分布与洞窟数量、组合特性、几何形状和尺寸密切相关,并控制了石窟围岩的震害特征。本文为石窟文物的科学保护和岩体抗震加固与减灾提供了理论基础和实践依据。     

哈密地区"生态立区"的思考

哈密地区生态环境十分脆弱,森林覆盖率低,草场退化严重,近几年经济发展速度加快,但重开发、轻保护,资源开发和经济增长方式粗放,使生态系统遭到破坏.为坚持科学的发展观,保证地区经济、社会实现可持续发展,哈密地委、行署提出了"生态立区"的发展战略.本文对哈密地区"生态立区"的内涵及实现的途径进行了探讨.     

Inactivation and injury assessment of Escherichia coli during solar and photocatalytic disinfection in LDPE bags

Solar disinfection (SODIS) of Escherichia coli suspensions in low-density polyethylene bag reactors was investigated as a low-cost disinfection method suitable for application in developing countries. The efficiency of a range of SODIS reactor configurations was examined (single skin (SS), double skin, black-backed single skin, silver-backed single skin (SBSS) and composite-backed single skin) using E. coli suspended in model and real surface water. Titanium dioxide was added to the reactors to improve the efficiency of the SODIS process. The effect of turbidity was also assessed. In addition to viable counts, E. coli injury was characterised through spread-plate analysis using selective and non-selective media. The optimal reactor configuration was determined to be the SBSS bag (t₅₀ = 9.0 min) demonstrating the importance of UVA photons, as opposed to infrared in the SODIS disinfection mechanism. Complete inactivation (6.5-log) was achieved in the presence of turbidity (50 NTU) using the SBSS bag within 180 min simulated solar exposure. The addition of titanium dioxide (0.025 g L⁻¹) significantly enhanced E. coli inactivation in the SS reactor, with 6-log inactivation observed within 90 min simulated solar exposure. During the early stages of both SODIS and photocatalytic disinfection, injured E. coli were detected; however, irreversible injury was caused and re-growth was not observed. Experiments under solar conditions were undertaken with total inactivation (6.5-log) observed in the SS reactor within 240 min, incomplete inactivation (4-log) was observed in SODIS bottles exposed to the same solar conditions.