Soil burdens of persistent organic pollutants - Their levels, fate and risk. Part II. Are there any trends in PCDD/F levels in mountain soils?

Good quality data apt for an assessment of temporal trends of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDDs/Fs) in soils are difficult to obtain since there is a general lack of information on their residues in soils. Variability of soil profiles, non-homogeneity of samples, and often also inconsistency of applied sampling procedures further complicate this problem. To assess spatial and temporal trends of contamination, three soil sampling campaigns have been performed over the period of 12 years at the mountain forest sites in the Czech Republic. Relation between the air, needle and soil contaminations was addressed in addition to time-related variability of soil. It has been confirmed that soil is a good matrix for evaluation of spatial distribution of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) but difficult for establishment of temporal trends. A slow rate of the soil-forming processes and their site-specificity was generally the major source of uncertainties.     

水源水质现状监测及变化趋势分析研究

在从汤溇西侧离岸约2 km的太湖中取水,作为新建40万m3/d水厂水源的背景下。课题组从取水口附近太湖水质现状监测、富营养化水平分析及水质变化趋势分析等方面入手,为项目水资源论证提供水质可行性依据：水质安全可控、变化趋势稳定。     

The science and politics of co-benefits in climate policy

The co-benefits concept implies a ‘win–win’ strategy to address two or more goals with a single policy measure. There is much scholarly and policy attention paid to this concept as a way to avoid making trade-offs between developmental and environmental issues. However, there is no review paper that reviews the nature, evolution, strengths and limits of the co-benefits concept in relation to climate change. Hence, this review article addresses the question: What does the literature tell us about the definition, application and use of the co-benefits concept? Using a literature review approach, this article explains the evolution of the co-benefits concept and its strengths and weaknesses. We conclude that while the concept has tremendous advocacy potential in dealing with the problem that the costs and benefits of climate policy are temporally and spatially not aligned, its de facto potential is limited as mostly economists have engaged with this concept, and there is little trans-disciplinary work undertaken that also looks at the politics and institutional aspects of co-benefits. The article thus provides an impetus to rethink current approaches to studying co-benefits and points to the need for inter- and trans-disciplinary research drawing on economic, political and social sciences.     

西部大开发中的制造业模式选择

本文分析了西部大开发中制造业发展的约束条件 ,在这些约束条件下 ,西部大开发中制造业选择绿色制造模式是其必然要求 ;在此基础上分析了在西部大开发中制造业实施绿色制造模式存在的障碍、提出了促进在西部制造业中实施绿色制造模式的政策建议。     

NONPARAMETRIC APPROACHES TO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT1

ABSTRACT: The interesting developments in non-parainetric testing and estimation methods presented in the upcoming sequence of nine papers are evaluated, compared, and put into proper perspective. Because a deterioration in water quality constitutes a direct threat to human health, it is of utmost importance to have flexible non-parametric methods available for detecting and describing trends in water quality time series. A distinct advantage of nonparametric tests is that they are usually very effective when applied to “messy” environmental data which may, for example, contain many missing observations and not be normally distributed. By applying their enhanced approaches for nonparametric methods to water quality time series, as well as employing well designed simulation experiments, the authors of the papers clearly demonstrate the efficacy of utilizing nonparametric tests in environmental impact assessment.     

APPLICABILITY OF THE t-TEST FOR DETECTING TRENDS IN WATER QUALITY VARIABLES1

ABSTRACT: A major concern in managing water resources is whether or not water quality variables have changed over time or space. The two-sample Student's t-test is probably the most commonly used statistical test for this purpose. Given that the underlying assumptions of the test may often be violated by water quality variables, a major concern regarding applicability of the test arises. This paper reviews and synthesizes available information in order to examine the effects of non-normality, unequal variances, serial dependence, and seasonality on the performance of the two-sample t-test. The results suggest the t-test is robust for non-normal distributions if the distributions have the same shape (either symmetric or skewed) and sample sizes are equal. The t-test is also robust for unequal variances if the sample sizes are equal. The t-test appears not to be robust when: 1) samples come from two distributions of different shape, 2) samples have unequal variances and unequal sample sizes, 3) serial dependence in observations is present, or 4) seasonal changes, in concentration are present and not removed.     

Winding up of the new town development corporations in Scotland

The development corporations of the new towns in Scotland have had to overcome many obstacles in the execution of their task. This history is outlined for each new town in the appendices. The statutory and political context of the imminent winding‐up of the development corporations of the remaining five new towns is explained, and the preliminary steps by the Scottish Office in recent years are outlined. The Government's strategy for transfer of responsibilities from the development corporations to other bodies is summarised and discussed under four broad headings. Finally, the prospects for more new settlements in Scotland are assessed.     

开发西北沙区拓展生存空间

我国是世界上受荒漠化危害最严重的国家之一，荒漠化面积大、分布广、程度重、扩展快，危害深。而面对我国土地总量少、质量差、后备资源短缺、人地矛盾突出的形势，开发沙区巳成为扩展我国生存空间的必然选择，这对于缩小东西部差距，消除贫困、促进荒漠化地区以及整个中国经济的腾飞具有重要意义。     

废钢震荡盘整加剧 后期价格渐趋弱化

探讨了废钢行业目前面临的焦点问题,分析了2012年国内废钢消耗使用现状及价格走势,指出随着我国钢材市场供过于求局面的长期存在,2013年的废钢行情依然复杂多变。     

待开发区域的主导产业选择思路研究——以营口经济技术开发区为例

从区域经济发展的角度出发,系统研究待开发区域主导产业选择的基本思路.依据主导产业选择原则(发展基础原则、战略分工原则、区域适宜性原则),通过比较研究确定区域发展的产业方向,构建区域主导产业选择的指标体系,采用AHP分析方法对指标进行衡量,最终得出主导产业推荐方案.同时,对营口经济技术开发区进行实证研究,运用上述方法选择适合该区域发展的产业为:港口物流业、冶金钢材业、输变电设备制造业、重型装备制造业、电子信息业和休闲旅游业.本研究为我国待开发区域的主导产业选择提供了一种新思路,其实证分析结果也为营口经济技术开发区的主导产业选择提供了科学依据.