积极发展绿色食品

叙述了绿色食品的概念、特点、标准，并对我国绿色食品的发展历程、发展现状和发展前景进行了分析。     

分光光度法测定COD_(Cr)的试验条件选择

用分光光度法测定水中化学需氧量ＣＯＤＣｒ,通过正交试验选择氧化的最佳选择。试验结果表明对ＣＯＤＣｒ值为５０～１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ的水样：氧化剂Ｋ２Ｃｒ２Ｏ７用量为０．２０～０．４０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,催化剂Ａｇ２ＳＯ４用量为１０ｇ／ＬＨ２ＳＯ４,消解时间１０ｍｉｎ,加热温度１８０℃。用ＣＯＤＣｒ为１３８ｍｇ／Ｌ的质控标样进行验证试验,其绝对误差为０．５～３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ。与标准方法相比用分光光度法测定ＣＯＤＣｒ具有分析误差小,省时、省力,节约药剂的特点。     

Scanning proton microprobe microanalysis for the assessment of homogeneity of IAEA urban dust reference materials

In order to develop new reference materials for microanalytical nuclear techniques, scanning proton microprobe(SPM) technique was used to determine homogeneity level within 100x200 μm2 micro-area on the small pieces of IAEA urban dust reference materials. The experimental methods were described in detail. The results show that IAEA-396A/M Vienna urban dust is homogeneous enough for small sample analysis of standard reference material (SRM).     

重庆市实施大气二氧化硫污染物排放标准影响研究

通过应用箱工模型，模拟研究了实施排放标准对大气环境质量的影响，分析讨论了实施２排放标准的技术经济可行性。得出如下结论：（１）重庆市实施大气二氧化硫污染物排放标准能基本满足在气环境质量减级标准的要求。（２）实施标准所需二氧化硫治理静态投资费用总额计２６．３６９亿元。（３）实施标准减少环境污染损失６．４４０亿元。     

绿洲节水系统监控与绿洲开发

本文把绿洲与绿洲节约用水作为复杂的系统处理,提出了绿洲节水系统的组元、变元及结构图示.在对敦煌绿洲节水系统进行个例分析的基础上,论证了监控绿洲节水系统与坚持高效率开发绿洲的基本途径。     

锡工业砷和铅排放标准的初步研究

根据污染源现场调研结果,结合现有污染控制工艺所能达到的技术水平,建议污水排放标准中As浓度由现国家排放标准的0 5mg/L调整为0 1mg/L;Pb不变为1 0mg/L。大气污染物排放标准中As和Pb不变为1 0mg/L。大气污染物排放标准As和Pb的浓度限值分别是为0 5mg/m3和0 7mg/m3。     

柴油车尾气微粒的燃烧性能

采用热解质量分析方法（TGA）对机动车柴油发动机尾气微粒（PM）的燃烧性能进行了研究。分别在空气和氮气条件下对柴油微粒的失重情况进行了测试。实验表明，柴油微粒的起始失重温度Tb为200℃左右，起始氧化温度Tox为410-450℃，最大失重温度Tmax为650℃-700℃，其可挥发组分（VOC）含量为48%-55%，增加氧气浓度仅在调温时对微粒燃烧有利。     

美国军用标准航天器试验基线与量级调整研究

对美国航天器试验的军用标准的发展进行了调研,系统地整理了MIL-STD-1540标准到SMC-S-016A标准的发展脉络,针对系统级、组件级试验基线的修订进行了整理、分析。以热试验为典型研究对象,整理了不同标准对于系统级、组件级热试验在试验温度范围、循环数、剪裁方法上的修改,对比了试验基线、试验量级的变迁,结合美国航天器型号与验证理念的发展,分析了其修订的依据,为我国相应标准的制定、修订提供了参考。     

Isomer distribution of nitrotriphenylenes in airborne particles, diesel exhaust particles, and the products of gas-phase radical-initiated nitration of triphenylene

The formation of mutagenic nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) 1- and 2-nitrotriphenylene (1- and 2-NTP) via gas-phase OH or NO₃ radical-initiated reactions of triphenylene was demonstrated for the first time using a flow reaction system. In contrast with the results of conventional electrophilic nitration, 2-NTP was formed in larger yield than 1-NTP, but this is consistent with the mechanism proposed for gas-phase radical-initiated nitration of PAH. In diesel exhaust particle (DEP) samples, both 1- and 2-NTP were identified and their concentrations determined, as well as 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), which is a representative combustion-derived NPAH: the mean concentrations of 1-NTP, 2-NTP, and 1-NP were 4.7, 1.9, and 32 pmol mg_DEP^–1, respectively. The mean 2-NTP/1-NTP, 1-NTP/1-NP, and 2-NTP/1-NP ratios in samples of airborne particles collected in a residential area in Osaka, Japan, were>1.55,<0.25, and 0.37, respectively; these values are much higher than those of the DEP samples. This finding indicates that there is another source for airborne NTPs, especially 2-NTP, apart from diesel exhaust. These results strongly suggest that airborne NTPs originate from atmospheric processes such as radical-initiated reactions of triphenylene, and this has a significant influence on the atmospheric occurrence of NTPs.     

海洋柴油溢油油水快速分离的应用研究

针对海洋柴油溢油,采用破乳剂对油水快速分离进行了研究.分别对油水比、温度、破乳剂量及存在Ca2 、Mg2 的影响因素,进行了系列油水快速分离试验,并测定了破乳剂作用下乳液的界面张力.试验结果表明,柴油溢油形成的乳液稳定性较差,油水分离较容易,但分离后的水中含油量较高.加入聚醚类非离子型破乳剂FA、FB、FC和FD,可达到油水低温、快速分离的目的,且分离后的水中含油量较低.随着破乳剂浓度的增加,界面张力降低,当破乳剂浓度达到临界胶束浓度(CMC)时,界面张力最小,脱水效果最好.Ca2 、Mg2 对聚醚类非离子型破乳剂的影响很小.