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121.
为探究进气口宽度对火旋风燃烧特性的影响,利用自然驱动的四面边墙夹缝式装置对不同进气口宽度使用150,200,250 mm 3种直径进行实验研究。由燃料质量随时间变化曲线得出准稳态阶段火旋风的质量燃烧速率;利用摄像机记录火焰的连续图像并获得火焰高度。结果表明:针对实验室小型火旋风(150~250 mm),在进气口宽度为35 mm左右时,火旋风的燃烧速率最大,即火旋风的燃烧强度存在1个最佳的进气口宽度;当火焰高度达到最高时,环量也存在1个临界值。 相似文献
122.
针对深井大采高综采技术中采场矿压控制难的特点,以潘二矿11223大采高综采工作面为工程背景,采用相似模拟、数值模拟、现场矿压监测、理论分析等方法,对深井大采高综采工作面矿压显现及覆岩运动破断规律进行研究。结果表明:深井大采高综采面覆岩运动破断后结构形态演化特征可概括为“组合悬臂岩梁结构——压实填充结构——非铰接岩梁结构——铰接岩梁结构”的动态演化过程,这种动态演化过程直接影响着工作面的矿压显现特征及覆岩破坏特点;得到工作面初次来压步距为34 m,基本顶周期来压步距15 m,来压由中部开始向两端转移;工作面前方应力集中区距煤壁平均4.4 m,应力峰值平均为26 MPa,工作面矿压显现特点受控于覆岩运动破断的动态演化力学结构,研究结果对类似条件下的工作面安全开采具有一定的理论依据和借鉴意义。 相似文献
123.
利用PWD22能见度仪监测数据,分析了上海市2008年—2009年能见度日变化规律和四季逐日变化特征,以及能见度和混合层高度(MLH,Mixed Layer Height)、空气污染指数(API)及气象要素(相对湿度、风速、温度)的相关性。结果表明,能见度一峰一谷日变化特征明显,峰值出现在14:00~16:00,谷值出现在6:00~8:00。能见度与MLH相关性显著,与温度最差。能见度和气溶胶光学厚度(AOT)线性拟合呈负相关关系,且夏季相关性最显著,冬季最差。 相似文献
124.
External drift kriging of NOx concentrations with dispersion model output in a reduced air quality monitoring network 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jan van de Kassteele Alfred Stein Arnold L. M. Dekkers Guus J. M. Velders 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2009,16(3):321-339
In the mid nineteen eighties the Dutch NOx air quality monitoring network was reduced from 73 to 32 rural and city background stations, leading to higher spatial uncertainties.
In this study, several other sources of information are being used to help reduce uncertainties in parameter estimation and
spatial mapping. For parameter estimation, we used Bayesian inference. For mapping, we used kriging with external drift (KED)
including secondary information from a dispersion model. The methods were applied to atmospheric NOx concentrations on rural and urban scales. We compared Bayesian estimation with restricted maximum likelihood estimation and
KED with universal kriging. As a reference we also included ordinary least squares (OLS). Comparison of several parameter
estimation and spatial interpolation methods was done by cross-validation. Bayesian analysis resulted in an error reduction
of 10 to 20% as compared to restricted maximum likelihood, whereas KED resulted in an error reduction of 50% as compared to
universal kriging. Where observations were sparse, the predictions were substantially improved by inclusion of the dispersion
model output and by using available prior information. No major improvement was observed as compared to OLS, the cause presumably
being that much good information is contained in the dispersion model output, so that no additional spatial residual random
field is required to explain the data. In all, we conclude that reduction in the monitoring network could be compensated by
modern geostatistical methods, and that a traditional simple statistical model is of an almost equal quality.
相似文献
Jan van de KassteeleEmail: |
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126.
控制排水条件下土壤氮素的运移 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为研究暗管控制排水与非控制排水条件下, 不同排水出口控制高度对土壤中氮素分布和迁移的影响, 在湖北省荆州市四湖工程管理局丫角排灌试验站进行了野外试验。试验结果表明, 无论采取控制排水与否, 土壤垂直剖面上硝态氮浓度均有一致的变化规律: 20 cm处浓度最高, 在40~60 cm浓度急剧减小, 60~80 cm浓度值很小(1 mg/kg左右); 控制排水对土壤硝态氮的减小率有显著影响, 表现在控制水位越高, 土层间硝态氮减小率最大; 控制排水能降低表层土壤硝态氮的迁移; 铵态氮与硝态氮迥然不同, 无论采取控制排水与否, 铵态氮在土壤垂直剖面上的含量变化不大; 控制排水对铵态氮的含量也有一定的影响, 表现在控制排水位越低, 土壤中铵态氮的含量越小. 相似文献
127.
Effective pollutant emission heights for atmospheric transport modelling based on real-world information 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Emission data needed as input for the operation of atmospheric models should not only be spatially and temporally resolved. Another important feature is the effective emission height which significantly influences modelled concentration values. Unfortunately this information, which is especially relevant for large point sources, is usually not available and simple assumptions are often used in atmospheric models. As a contribution to improve knowledge on emission heights this paper provides typical default values for the driving parameters stack height and flue gas temperature, velocity and flow rate for different industrial sources. The results were derived from an analysis of the probably most comprehensive database of real-world stack information existing in Europe based on German industrial data. A bottom-up calculation of effective emission heights applying equations used for Gaussian dispersion models shows significant differences depending on source and air pollutant and compared to approaches currently used for atmospheric transport modelling. 相似文献
128.
129.
Tree and stand growth of mature Norway spruce and European beech under long-term ozone fumigation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hans Pretzsch Jochen Dieler Philip Wipfler 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(4):1061-1070
In a 50- to 70-year-old mixed stand of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Germany, tree cohorts have been exposed to double ambient ozone (2×O3) from 2000 through 2007 and can be compared with trees in the same stand under the ambient ozone regime (1×O3). Annual diameter growth, allocation pattern, stem form, and stem volume were quantified at the individual tree and stand level. Ozone fumigation induced a shift in the resource allocation into height growth at the expense of diameter growth. This change in allometry leads to rather cone-shaped stem forms and reduced stem stability in the case of spruce, and even neiloidal stem shapes in the case of beech. Neglect of such ozone-induced changes in stem shape may lead to a flawed estimation of volume growth. On the stand level, 2×O3 caused, on average, a decrease of 10.2 m3 ha−1 yr−1 in European beech. 相似文献
130.