大型水体下顶水安全开采的可行性研究

在大型水体下顶水采煤,一方面要确保煤矿井下安全生产,同时要保护地表水资源不被破坏。基于峰峰矿区小屯矿的地质采矿条件,在分析与评价上覆岩层结构的基础上,选取水体下11个计算特征点,探讨上覆岩层破坏高度、防水安全煤岩柱及安全煤岩柱最小富余尺寸,绘制各类等值线图。采用概率积分法,从下沉、倾斜、水平变形和裂缝深度等方面,研究分析顶水开采后水体底部所受的采动影响。结果表明,在特定的地质采矿条件下,各工作面开采以后,上覆岩层中导水裂隙带发育的最大标高与基岩顶部之间具有较厚的岩柱,导水裂隙带不会波及到地表水体,水体底部的地表移动变形较小,不会影响到矿井安全生产,在大型水体下顶水采煤是安全可行的。     

Phenotypic Effects of Cattle Mitochondrial DNA in American Bison

Hybridization between endangered species and more common species is a significant problem in conservation biology because it may result in extinction or loss of adaptation. The historical reduction in abundance and geographic distribution of the American plains bison (Bison bison bison) and their recovery over the last 125 years is well documented. However, introgression from domestic cattle (Bos taurus) into the few remaining bison populations that existed in the late 1800s has now been identified in many modern bison herds. We examined the phenotypic effect of this ancestry by comparing weight and height of bison with cattle or bison mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from Santa Catalina Island, California (U.S.A.), a nutritionally stressful environment for bison, and of a group of age‐matched feedlot bison males in Montana, a nutritionally rich environment. The environmental and nutritional differences between these 2 bison populations were very different and demonstrated the phenotypic effect of domestic cattle mtDNA in bison over a broad range of conditions. For example, the average weight of feedlot males that were 2 years of age was 2.54 times greater than that of males from Santa Catalina Island. In both environments, bison with cattle mtDNA had lower weight compared with bison with bison mtDNA, and on Santa Catalina Island, the height of bison with cattle mtDNA was lower than the height of bison with bison mtDNA. These data support the hypothesis that body size is smaller and height is lower in bison with domestic cattle mtDNA and that genomic integrity is important for the conservation of the American plains bison. Efectos Fenotípicos del ADN Mitocondrial de Ganado en el Bisonte Americano     

Natural under-canopy regeneration and height-age structure of small-leaved linden (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Tilia cordata</Emphasis> Mill.) undergrowth in water-conservation forests around Pavlovskoe Reservoir,Ufa River

Natural regeneration and the height-age structure of small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) under a forest canopy were studied with regard to specific features of forest typology on the Ufa Plateau. For the first time, the height-age structure of linden undergrowth was analyzed by an anatomical method, which allowed accurate determination of the actual plant age and linear increment. The results of this analysis made it possible to reveal three periods in the development of linden undergrowth with respect to the linear growth rate and abundance of plants. More successful regeneration of linden was observed in open elements of relief.     

不同堆肥对南方屋顶绿化植物生长特性的影响

为研究不同堆肥对南方屋顶绿化植物生长的适应性,探索不同堆肥对混合栽培基质的改良效果,本研究采用5因素4水平正交实验法,以3种堆肥、椰糠、珍珠岩和草炭为基质,以早熟禾、四季海棠、佛甲草和彩叶草为供试植物,通过观测植物株高、叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率和蒸腾速率的变化规律,以及添加不同堆肥混合栽培基质对植物生理生长特性的影响,研制出了适用于南方屋顶绿化栽培的最佳组合配方。结果表明,最适宜南方屋顶绿化混合栽培基质的配方为A2B2C3D2,即四季海棠、园林废弃物堆肥4份、椰糠添加量1份、珍珠岩添加量4份,与本实验处理6最接近。该研究对合理配制混合栽培基质,提高南方屋顶绿化栽培的成功率提供了一定的理论和实践依据。     

PM2.5 exposure induces age-dependent hepatic lipid metabolism disorder in female mice

Particulate matter exposure has been described to elevate the risk of lung and cardiovascular diseases.An increasing number of recent studies have indicated positive correlations between PM_2.5(the fraction of airborne particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than2.5 μm) exposure and the risk of liver diseases.However,research on the effects of PM_2.5exposure on liver fat synthesis,secretion,and clearance mechanisms under normal diet conditions is limited,and whether these...     

纵向风速对隧道内烟气发展影响的实验研究

通过在鹰嘴岩隧道内的现场模拟火灾试验,对不同纵向通风速率下隧道内烟气发展过程进行了研究。结果表明,纵向风速和火源大小均对烟气层沉降有重要影响。相比之下,纵向风速对烟气层沉降的影响更大;火源位置较高时,烟气层热膨胀力较大,在距离火源一定距离外仍可产生上游方向的烟气逆流;一定坡度的隧道在某种条件下可以产生"弱烟囱效应",导致烟气向下游方向的流速增加。在隧道设计中可以考虑利用这一点来增加排烟效率。     

Dynamic Performance of Horizontal Flexible Anchor Lines During Fall Arrest— A Numerical Method of Simulation

Designing fall arrest systems, which contain horizontal flexible anchor lines is an important technical problem related to the safety of people who work at a height and need horizontal freedom of movement. The article presents a numerical simulation of the dynamic performance of horizontal flexible anchor lines during fall arrest. The model of a 2-component system—a horizontal flexible anchor line and a falling rigid mass, described with a second order non-linear differential equation—is the main element of this method. This method of simulation is realised by a computer program, which allows obtaining the most important data characterising a fall arrest. The article shows laboratory tests used for the verification of this method, which turned out to be a valuable source of information and which can be used for designing fall arrest systems.     

Exploitation of renewable energy resources for environment‐friendly sustainable development in Saudi Arabia

The recent increase in energy costs, driven by a surge in oil prices, has increased world‐wide efforts on the exploitation of renewable/wind energy resources for environment‐friendly sustainable development and to mitigate future energy challenges. Moreover, experience in the wind energy industry has reached high levels in the field of manufacturing and application. This inevitably increases the merits of wind energy exploitation. In order to exploit wind resources, through the establishment of wind power plants, specific attention must be focused on the characteristics of wind and wind machines. The literature indicates that wind‐energy resources are relatively better along coastlines. In the present study, long‐term hourly mean wind speed data for the period 1986–2003, recorded at Dhahran (Eastern Coastal region, Saudi Arabia), has been analysed to examine the wind characteristics including (but not limited to): yearly/monthly/diurnal variations of wind speed, frequency distribution of wind speed, impact of hub‐height/machine‐size on energy production, etc. Data have been checked/validated for completeness. Data analysis indicated that long‐term monthly average wind speeds ranged from 3.8 to 5.8 m/s.

Concurrently, the study determined monthly average daily energy generation from different sizes of commercial wind machines (150, 250, 600 kW, etc.) to assess the impact of wind machine size on energy yield. The study also estimated annual energy production (MWh/year) from wind farms of different capacities (3, 6, 12, 24 MW, etc.) by utilising different commercial wind energy conversion systems (WECS). It was observed that, for a given 6 MW wind farm size, a cluster of 150 kW wind machines (at 50 m hub‐height) yielded about 32% more energy when compared to a cluster of 600 kW wind machines. The study also estimated the cost of wind‐based electricity (COE, US$/kWh) by using different capacities of commercial WECS. It was found that the COE per kWh is 0.045 US$/kWh for 150 kW wind machine (at 50 m hub‐height) whereas COE was 0.039 US$/kWh for 600 kW wind machine (at 50 m hub‐height). The study also dealt with wind turbine characteristics (such as capacity factor and availability factor). These characteristics are important indicators of wind turbine performance evaluation.     

沙漠地区边界层高度的提高与尘卷风起沙量的变化

在YSU(Yonsei University)边界层参数化方案的基础上,采用一种经验修正边界层RYSU(Revised YSU)方案,其模拟的边界层高度与观测相吻合.同时利用尘卷风起沙方案,获得了2019年腾格里沙漠夏季尘卷风起沙量的时空分布,结果表明,在08:00～18:00时,RYSU方案模拟的整点尘卷风瞬时起沙量...     

A CyberGIS Integration and Computation Framework for High‐Resolution Continental‐Scale Flood Inundation Mapping

We present a Digital Elevation Model‐based hydrologic analysis methodology for continental flood inundation mapping (CFIM), implemented as a cyberGIS scientific workflow in which a 1/3rd arc‐second (10 m) height above nearest drainage (HAND) raster data for the conterminous United States (CONUS) was computed and employed for subsequent inundation mapping. A cyberGIS framework was developed to enable spatiotemporal integration and scalable computing of the entire inundation mapping process on a hybrid supercomputing architecture. The first 1/3rd arc‐second CONUS HAND raster dataset was computed in 1.5 days on the cyberGIS Resourcing Open Geospatial Education and Research supercomputer. The inundation mapping process developed in our exploratory study couples HAND with National Water Model forecast data to enable near real‐time inundation forecasts for CONUS. The computational performance of HAND and the inundation mapping process were profiled to gain insights into the computational characteristics in high‐performance parallel computing scenarios. The establishment of the CFIM computational framework has broad and significant research implications that may lead to further development and improvement of flood inundation mapping methodologies.