首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   124篇
  免费   2篇
  国内免费   6篇
安全科学   10篇
废物处理   5篇
环保管理   7篇
综合类   31篇
基础理论   16篇
污染及防治   47篇
评价与监测   10篇
社会与环境   5篇
灾害及防治   1篇
  2023年   1篇
  2022年   1篇
  2021年   3篇
  2020年   1篇
  2019年   1篇
  2017年   2篇
  2016年   1篇
  2015年   5篇
  2014年   2篇
  2013年   5篇
  2012年   3篇
  2011年   15篇
  2010年   6篇
  2009年   9篇
  2008年   6篇
  2007年   5篇
  2006年   7篇
  2005年   3篇
  2004年   11篇
  2003年   10篇
  2002年   3篇
  2001年   7篇
  2000年   5篇
  1999年   4篇
  1997年   6篇
  1996年   3篇
  1995年   1篇
  1994年   1篇
  1993年   1篇
  1992年   1篇
  1989年   1篇
  1982年   1篇
  1977年   1篇
排序方式: 共有132条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
92.
The transport of contaminants in fractured media is a complex phenomenon with a great environmental impact. It has been described with several models, most of them based on complex partial differential equations, that are difficult to apply when equilibrium and nonequilibrium dynamics are considered in complex boundaries. With the aim of overcoming this limitation, a combination of two lattice Bathnagar, Gross and Krook (BGK) models, derived from the lattice Boltzmann model, is proposed in this paper. The fractured medium is assumed to be a single fissure in a porous rock matrix. The proposed approach permits us to deal with two processes with different length scales: advection-dispersion in the fissure and diffusion within the rock matrix. In addition to the mentioned phenomena, sorption reactions are also considered. The combined model has been tested using the experimental breakthrough curves obtained by Garnier et al. (Garnier, J.M., Crampon, N., Préaux, C., Porel, G., Vreulx, M., 1985. Tra?age par 13C, 2H, I- et uranine dans la nappe de la craie sénonienne en écoulement radial convergent (Béthune, France). J. Hidrol. 78, 379-392.) giving acceptable results. A study on the influence of the lattice BGK models parameters controlling sorption and matrix diffusion on the breakthrough curves shape is included.  相似文献   
93.
Structural insulated panels (SIPs) have significant environmental and energy advantages. However, the tight structure that results may cause degraded indoor air quality and the potential release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from these layered materials must be considered. A physically based model for predicting VOC emissions from multi-layer materials is described. Fugacity is used to eliminate the concentration discontinuities at the interface between layers. This avoids an obstacle associated with numerically simulating mass transfer in composite materials. The numerical model is verified for a double-layer system by comparing predicted concentrations to those obtained with a previously published analytical model. In addition, hexanal emissions from multi-layer SIPs are simulated to demonstrate the usefulness of the fugacity approach. Finally, the multi-layer model is used to investigate the impact that clay/polyurethane nanocomposite diffusion barriers can have on VOC emissions. Indoor gas-phase concentrations can be greatly reduced with a barrier layer on the surface, thereby minimizing the environmental impact of SIPs.  相似文献   
94.
Soil macropore networks establish a dual-domain transport scenario in which water and solutes are preferentially channeled through soil macropores while slowly diffusing into and out of the bulk soil matrix. The influence of macropore networks on intra-ped solute diffusion and preferential transport in a soil typical of subsurface-drained croplands in the Midwestern United States was studied in batch- and column-scale experiments. In the batch diffusion studies with soil aggregates, the estimated diffusion radius (length) of the soil aggregates corresponded to the half-spacing of the aggregate fissures, suggesting that the intra-ped fissures reduced the diffusion impedance and preferentially allowed solutes to diffuse into the soil matrix. In the column-scale solute transport experiments, the average diffusion radius (estimated from HYDRUS-2D simulations and a first-order diffusive transfer term) was nearly double that of the batch-scale study. This increase may be attributed to a loss of pore continuity and a compounding of the small diffusion impedance through macropores at the larger scale. The column-scale solute transport experiments also suggest that two preferential networks exist in the soil. At and near soil saturation, a primary network of large macropores (possibly root channels and earthworm burrows) dominate advective transport, causing a high degree of physical and sorption nonequilibrium and simultaneous breakthrough of a nonreactive (bromide) and a reactive (alachlor) solute. As the saturation level decreases, the primary network drains, while transport through smaller macropores (possibly intra-ped features) continues, resulting in a reduced degree of nonequilibrium and separation in the breakthrough curves of bromide and alachlor.  相似文献   
95.
Since the release of ISO 14001 in 1996, China has witnessed a surge in the number of ISO 14001 certification. As an international environmental standard, ISO 14001 has two basic functions: one is playing as an environmental management instrument, while the other as a signal of firms’ better environmental performance to stakeholders. Based on the stakeholder theory, we have examined the effects of community, regulatory and some organizational stakeholders on the diffusion of ISO 14001 certification at Chinese provincial levels. Using a panel data of ISO 14001 certification from each province for the period of 2004-2008 in China, empirical evidence of such relations is found. The finding reveals that signaling to foreign customers and community stakeholders plays a dominant role in encouraging diffusion of ISO 14001 certification. However, as an important organizational stakeholder, foreign investors have shown no significant effect on the diffusion of ISO 14001 in China.  相似文献   
96.
The quantitative contribution of the forest floor to P nutrition of maritime pine seedlings was experimentally determined by Jonard et al. (2009) in a greenhouse experiment using the radio-isotopic labeling. To extend the results of the experiment on a known mineral soil, a modeling approach was developed to predict P uptake of maritime pine seedlings growing in a mineral soil covered with a forest floor layer. The classical nutrient uptake model based on the diffusion/mass-flow theory was extended to take into account mineralization of P in dead organic matter, microbial P immobilization and re-mineralization and P leaching. In addition, the buffer power characterizing the P retention properties of the mineral soil was allowed to vary with time and with the P-ion concentration in solution. To account for increasing root competition with time, a moving boundary approach was implemented. According to the model, the forest floor contributed most of the P supply to the seedlings (99.3% after 130 days). Predicted P uptake was consistent with observed P uptake and modeling efficiency was 0.97. The uptake model was then used to evaluate the impact of the P retention properties of the mineral soil on the contribution of the forest floor to P uptake. Simulations showed that the contribution of the forest floor was much lower in the quasi non-reactive soil (45.7%) but rapidly increased with soil P reactivity.  相似文献   
97.
简述了土壤污染物源解析技术的发展历程及土壤污染物的主要类型与来源。指出,定性源识别技术主要包括特征比值法、多元统计法、空间分析法等;定量源解析技术主要包括源清单法、扩散模型法、化学质量平衡模型法、正定矩阵因子分解法、UNMIX模型法、同位素法等。重点总结了这些技术方法的原理及其在应用上的优势与局限。从解析对象、解析方法和软件开发角度,提出了土壤污染物源解析技术的未来发展方向。  相似文献   
98.
Using a novel sampler, particulate organic compounds were collected in Santiago de Chile from June 9 to August 10, 1997. This sampler consists of a diffusion denuder to remove gas-phase organics prior to particle collection, a Teflon filter, and a PUF cartridge downstream of the filter. PAHs and n-alkanes were measured using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Volatilization of particles collected on the Teflon filter varied from 15 to 85% for both n-alkanes and PAHs, with strong dependence on molecular weight. The relative distribution of n-alkanes and the values of molecular diagnostic ratios, such as Carbon preference index, indicated a mixed origin with strong anthropogenic input. Indeed, CPI values ranged from 0.66 to 1.96 (for the whole range of n-alkanes). The percent contribution of leaf “wax” n-alkanes (4.55–20.83%) indicated the low contribution of biogenic sources. In addition, the distribution pattern of PAHs was characteristic of anthropogenic emissions. The dominant contribution of combustion-related PAHs (CPAHs), 74–84%, indicated that vehicular emissions was the major source of PAHs.  相似文献   
99.
为有效制定城市层面的低碳发展政策,实现碳达峰的发展目标,利用碳卫星2号(OCO-2)监测的高分辨率大气CO2柱浓度数据(XCO2),分析浙江省杭州、宁波和嘉兴3个典型城市的XCO2变化特征,以及人类活动和XCO2变化的关系;识别城市碳排放热点区域,评估碳排放热点源对XCO2的影响,并利用拉格朗日粒子扩散模型(LPDM)进行验证。结果表明:(1)2016—2021年3个城市的XCO2年增长量分别为3.1×10-6,2.3×10-6和2.2×10-6,杭州的增长量最为明显;杭州和宁波在2019—2021年XCO2增量明显,分别为8.0×10-6和5.7×10-6。杭州XCO2的变化趋势与临安大气本底站CO2观测数据的变化趋势一致。(2)与2017年相比,3个城市的建筑用地面积都略有增加,分别增加了0.9%,2.2%和4.8%;从人口和GDP数据来看,2016—2021年3个城市也均呈持续增加的变化趋势。表明CO2浓度升高与人类活动密切相关。(3)XCO2正距平高值区域基本都对应了碳排放热点源(电力企业)的下风向地区,电力企业CO2的排放会导致下风向地区的XCO2出现局地性增长,增量为7×10-6~9×10-6。  相似文献   
100.
Quantifying dispersal is crucial both for understanding ecological population dynamics, and for gaining insight into factors that affect the genetic structure of populations. The role of dispersal becomes pronounced in highly fragmented landscapes inhabited by spatially structured populations. We consider a landscape consisting of a set of habitat patches surrounded by unsuitable matrix, and model dispersal by assuming that the individuals follow a random walk with parameters that may be specific to the habitat type. We allow for spatial variation in patch quality, and account for edge-mediated behavior, the latter meaning that the individuals bias their movement towards the patches when close to an edge between a patch and the matrix. We employ a diffusion approximation of the random walk model to derive analytical expressions for various characteristics of the dispersal process. For example, we derive formulae for the time that an individual is expected to spend in its current patch i, and for the time that it will spend in the matrix, both conditional on the individual hitting next a given patch j before hitting any of the other patches or dying. The analytical formulae are based on the assumptions that the landscape is infinitely large, that the patches are circularly shaped, and that the patches are small compared to interpatch distances. We evaluate the effect of these assumptions by comparing the analytical results to numerical results in a real patch network that violates all of the three assumptions. We then consider a landscape that fulfills the assumptions, and show that in this case the analytical results are in a very good agreement with the numerical results. The results obtained here allow the construction of computationally efficient dispersal models that can be used as components of metapopulation models.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号