CdS/TiO2复合半导体薄膜的制备及其光催化性能

以微弧氧化法制备出锐钛矿型TiO₂,进而以化学水浴法沉积CdS,通过调控时间,制备CdS/TiO₂复合半导体薄膜. X射线检测表明,微弧氧化所制备的TiO₂为锐钛矿结构, 化学水浴法制备的CdS主要以离子离子的方式沉积在TiO₂薄膜上. SEM及可见光催化降解亚甲基蓝的试验表明,沉积时间为15 min的复合半导体薄膜上的CdS粒子呈圆球形、单层孤立、均匀地分散在TiO₂表面,绝大多数粒子的粒径在nm级别,分布比较均匀,对亚甲基蓝有着较好的光催化性能,与TiO₂薄膜相比,复合半导体薄膜的光催化性能有很大的提高. 结合光催化评价结果,对复合半导体薄膜的光催化剂机制进行了讨论.      

In situ measurements of concentrations of Cd, Co, Fe and Mn in estuarine porewater using DGT

Vertical profiles of metals were measured by the in situ application of DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films). Well-defined laboratory systems ensured the good reproducibility and precision DGT accumulated metals on a chelex resin after diffusional transport through a layer of hydrogel. Three kinds of DGT probes (with three thicknesses of diffusive gel: 0.40 mm, 0.80 mm and 1.92 mm) measured interfacial concentration and induced flux from solid to solution phase which had intricate variations with depth. The DGT induced flux and interfacial concentration of four metals belonged to “partially sustained” state, indicating a labile equilibrium of metals between solid phase and porewater. The concentration profiles showed the good correlation between Mn and Co and peak concentrations of Mn and Fe between −2.00 cm and −5.25 cm with depth.     

A Study of Dynamic Mechanical and Thermal Behavior of Starch/Poly(vinylalcohol) Based Films

Starch/Poly(vinylalcohol) blends in two different ratios (60:40 and 50:50) were prepared with glycerol as a plasticizer. Films were cast by a solution casting method. One set of films were filled with 10 wt% of bentonite clay and another set of films were crosslinked with epichlorohydrin in an alkaline medium. The prepared film samples were characterized with dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The presence of clay and crosslinking with epichlorohydrin was found to have considerable effect on the dynamic mechanical properties and thermal stability of the films. Intercomponent H-bonding between starch, Poly(vinylalcohol) and glycerol enhanced the thermal stability of the films. But incorporation of clay and crosslinking with epichlorohydrin enhanced the steric crowding and lowered the thermal stability of the films.     

Environmental assessment of a Palette Modular Device for gold recovery from PVD

The novel “Palette Modular Device” (PMD) technology, addressing the recovery of wastes from Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) maintenance, is evaluated according to a Life Cycle Assessent (LCA) approach. The PMD recovery technology was recently developed with the aim of an easier and more sustainable separation of the film layers used in PVD, with a particular emphasis on multi-material film productions, frequently adopted in the electronic industry. The PMD is briefly presented in the paper, along with three implementations for industrial purposes. Each implementation adopts a different light solvent for the metal recovery like acetone and formic acid. The usage of light solvents is a peculiar feature enabled by the system considered, as an alternative to traditional approaches. The LCA starts with the objectives and prosecutes with inventories of all material and energy flows for each different scenario considered. Additionally, a global impact assessment is provided in a specific section, in order to enable a quantitative comparison of the potential effects on the environment in every scenario. The results of this study allow the industrial designer to perform an overall environmental evaluation of the three strategies proposed and to compare the performances of the novel technology. The research, furthermore, highlights some critical points in the adoption of the PMD and suggests how to improve the implementation of this recovery process.     

Preparations of TiO2 film coated on foam nickel substrate by sol-gel processes and its photocatalytic activity for degradation of acetaldehyde

Anatase TiO2 films were successfully prepared on foam nickel substrates by sol-gel technique using tetrabutyl titanate as precursor. The characteristics of the TiO2 films were investigated by XPS, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM and UV-Vis absorption spectra. The photocatalytic activities of TiO2 films were investigated by photocatalytic degradation reactions of gaseous acetaldehyde, an indoor pollutant, under ultraviolet light irradiation. It was found that Ni^2＋ doping into TiO2 films due to the foam nickel substrates resulted in the extension of absorption edges of TiO2 films from UV region to visible light region. The pre-heating for foam nickel substrates resulted in the formation of NiO layer, which prevented effectively the injection of photogenerated electrons from TiO2 films to metal nickel. The TiO2 films displayed high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of acetaldehyde, and were enhanced by calcining the substrates and coating TiO2 films repeatedly. The high activity was mainly attributed to the improvement of the characteristics of substrate surface and the increase of active sites on photocatalyst.     

TiO2薄膜光电协同催化氧化降解活性艳红

以不同波长紫外光为光源 ,研究了活性艳红在间歇式反应器中的光降解、光催化降解、光电协同催化降解行为 .结果表明 :在相同条件下 ,光催化降解速度快于光降解速度 ,而光电协同催化降解速度取决于协同电场的方向 ,当电场方向与紫外线照射方向相同时 ,降解速度比光催化速度慢 ,而当电场方向与紫外线照射方向相反时 ,其降解速度快于光催化降解速率 .     

新型光电催化反应器的设计及其反应动力学

研制了一种新型的光电催化反应器,并对PEG-2000模拟废水进行了降解动力学研究。结果表明,电解、光催化、光电催化去除0.5 g/L的PEG-2000模拟废水中COD为零级反应,从动力学角度来看,光电协同作用明显;在不同的外加偏压、初始pH值、曝气量和光强条件下,反应符合零级动力学规律;不同初始浓度PEG-2000模拟废水的光电催化反应具有不同的反应级数,高浓度时,此光电催化体系符合零级反应动力学规律,低浓度时,光电催化氧化符合一级反应动力学规律。     

电缆细菌对沉积物-水界面磷、铁、硫分布影响的室内模拟研究

电缆细菌的存在会改变沉积物-水界面的氧化还原环境,进而影响沉积物-水系统中磷、铁、硫的迁移转化过程.本研究选取存在电缆细菌的原位南沙河沉积物-水系统为研究对象,在暗处15℃下培养30 d,利用薄膜扩散梯度（DGT）技术获取了活性磷、活性硫和活性铁的2 mm分辨率剖面分布特征,并结合原位荧光杂交技术确定了电缆细菌的密度.结果表明：随着沉积深度的增加,间隙水活性磷、活性铁和活性硫均呈现出先增加后减小再趋于稳定的趋势,均值分别为0.743～1.017 mg·L^-1、0.383～0.954 mg·L^-1和0.033～0.141 mg·L^-1,且均有向上覆水释放的趋势.随着培养时间的延长,0～1 cm间隙水中活性磷含量呈先减小后增加的趋势,在第10 d达到最小,均值为0.604 mg·L^-1,1 cm以下间隙水中活性磷含量呈现逐渐增加的趋势,在第30 d达到最大,均值为1.090 mg·L^-1.0～10 cm间隙水中活性铁和活性硫含量呈现先增加后减小的趋势,在第10 d达到最大,均值分别...     

负载型TiO2-xNx的制备表征及可见光催化降解亚甲基蓝

以溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2溶胶,负载于玻璃微珠表面,在NH3气流中直接进行热处理,制备负载型掺氮纳米TiO2薄膜催化剂.选取亚甲基蓝为处理对象,结合对催化剂表面结构、晶型和紫外可见吸收的表征,对制备的催化剂进行评价.结果表明,450℃下焙烧3 h所制备的负载型催化剂为锐态矿相;可见光的范围拓展到700 nm左右;负载均...